Calculos matematicos turbina michell banki

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Desiun Of . Su . Communitie, -4
by:

Water

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for

Farms

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Small

MohammadDt,-ali

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DESIGN OF SMALL WATER TURBINES FOR FARMS AND SMALL COMMUNITIES

Mohammad DuraliProject David supervisor: Gordon Wilson

Spring

1976

TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION PROGRAM Massachusetts Cambridge, Institute of Technology Massachusetts 02139

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CONTENTS

CONTENTS.,

*.....................

5 7 9

LISTOFFIGURES..................... PREFACE......................... ABSTBACT........................13 CHAPTER 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 CHAPTER 22.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 CHAPTER 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 CHAPTER 4 4.1 4.2 APPENDIX I APPENDIX II INTRODUCTION.

ACXNOWLEDGEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . 15

Background, 10 Problem Statement, 10 Principles of Our Approach, DESIGN OF A CROSS-FLOW (BANKI)

11 TURBINE. . . . 19

Description, 19 Advantages of Bank Turbine, 19Analysis of the Machine, 21 Design of the Rotor, 24 Losses and Efficiencies, 32 Blade Design, 37 Sizing of a Cross Flow Turbine,, 46 Mechanical Design, 51 Evaluation of Efficiencies, 57 Radial-Inflow Partial-Admission Water Turbine, 58 DESIGN OF AXIAL-FLOW TURBINES . . . . . . . . 61 Description, 61 Advantages, 61 Analysis, 63 Design of Blades, 65 Sizing of the Machines,

68

DISCUSSION ONADVANTAGES OF DIFFERENT TYPES . 89 Improvements on Reaction Off-Design Performance, Machine, 92 91

TABLE OF PARTS AND WORKING DRAWINGS. . . . . 97 FRICTION LOSS IN NONCIRCULAR CONDUITS . . ..147

5

APPENDIX III APPENDIX IV

EFFICIENCIES.

. . . . . . . . . . . . m 149 153

PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION OF AXIAL-h?LOW TURBINES c . . . . . . . . . . . * .*

LIST OF FIGURES

NUMBER 2-l 2-2 2-32-4 2-5 Cross-Flow (Banki)

TITLE Water Turbine Locations on Stalling in

PAGE 20 22 26 28 Inlet Flow 31

Velocity Diagrams of Different Cross-Flow Turbine Effect Velocity of Blade Diagram Outlet Angle

Terminology Iy vsO Relative

Work Coefficient Angle 6, Converging Cross-Flow

2-6 2-7 2-8

Flow Inside Turbine-Blade

the Rotor Terminology

35 38 44

Ratio of Blade Radius ofCurvature R and Rotor Length L over Rotor Outer Diameter vs. Rotor Inner-to-Outer Dia. Ratio m. Ratio of Radius to Hydraulic Diameter R/Dh, and Deflection Angle of the Blade Passage Bc vs. Rotor Inner-to-Outer Dia. Ratio m. Number of Blades Ratio m. Radial-Inflow Z vs. Inner-to-Outer Water Dia. Turbine

2-9

44

2-10 2-11 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5

45 59 62 66

Partial-Admission

Inlet and&t' -et Velocity Flow Turbine Stage Blade Impulse Terminology Velocity Diagram

Diagrams

of Axial-

69 Impulse 75

B?ade Sections Turbine Reaction Velocity

of the Axial-Flow Diagram

83

7

LIST OF FIGURES (Continued) NUMBER 3-6 4-1 4-2 APPENDIX II 1 2 Loss Factor Nov. 65) for Bends (ASCE, J. Hydraulic Div., 148 148 Blade Sections TITLE of the Axial-Flow of Reaction of ReactionReaction Machine Machine Turbine for in PAGE 85 93 94

Characteristic Curves Constant Flow Rate Characteristic Curves Constant Speed

Friction Factor f vs Re. for Different e/D. (Rohsenow, W.M., and Choi , H.Y., Heat, Ma%, and Momentum Transfer, p. 58)

APPENDIX III 1 APPENDIX IV 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Turbine Lift Basic Trailing Profile Secondary Secondary contraction Profile Loss Blade and...