Camel

CAMEL Phase 1 and 2


Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic
The ETSI GSM Releases… European standardisation activities
• CAMEL Phase 1 was standardised by ETSI in 1996, as part of the GSM R96 package. • CAMEL Phase 2 was standardised by ETSI in 1997, as part of the GSM R97 package. • In 1998, slight enhancements to CAMEL Phase 2 were released by ETSI, as part of the GSMR98 package.
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 2 ←←

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Customised Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic
The 3GPP 3G Core Network Releases… Global standardisation activities
• CAMEL Phase 3 was specified by 3GPP in 1999, as part of the 3G Core Network R99 package. • 3GPP is currently approving the specification of the 3G Core Network Release "Rel-4”. Rel-4 does not contain newfunctionality for CAMEL. • 3GPP is in the progress of specifying 3G Core Network Release ”Rel-5”. Rel-5 contains CAMEL Phase 4. Delivery is scheduled for March 2002...
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 3 ←←

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Presentation Overview
...how to ride a CAMEL... without getting lost in the desert...
Part I Part II Part III Part IV Part V Part VI Part VII Part VIII Part IX
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2

: :: : : : : : :

CAMEL Phase 1 CAMEL Phase 2 Mobile Call Cases Charging Special CAMEL Features CAMEL Subscription Information CAMEL Standard Evolution Path Jambala Signalling
4 ←←

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Part I - CAMEL Phase 1 - IN for the GSM network Contents
• GSM Network Sub-systems > • GSM Network nodes > • CAMEL nodes > • Protocol overview > • Cross PLMN boundary protocols >
CAMEL Phase 1 &2 5 ←←

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No CAMEL impact BSC

GSM Network… Architecture
SDP … BSC Service Network SCP … (SCP, SDP) SCP

… … …

HLR CAMEL impact HLR Network and Switching Sub-System (NSS) BTS (MSC/VLR, GMSC, HLR) MSC GMSC

MSC Base Station Sub-System (BSS) MSC (BTS, BSC) CAMEL impact
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 6 ←←

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GSM Network - overview
inter-network communicationHome Network HLR
HPLMN

- Subscribers are registered in HPLMN - IN Services run in HPLMN
IPLMN MAP VPLMN MAP

VLR
Incoming line

GMSC
Forwarded leg

Roaming leg

MSC
MO call - Outgoing leg (or Forwarding leg)

MS

Interrogating Network

Visited Network

Calls terminate in IPLMN
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 7

Subscribers may roam in VPLMNs
←←

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GSM Network -overview
HLR protocol overview
HPLMN

HPLMN may contain multiple HLRs

MAP MAP

VPLMN/ IPLMN

VLR
BSSMAP

GMSC
MAP ISUP

MSC

BSSMAP

MSC & GMSC may be co-located
MAP = Mobile Application Part ISUP = ISDN User Part BSSMAP = Base Station Sub system Mobile Application Part

ISUP/TUP (or local variant… )

BSC

BSC

CAMEL Phase 1 & 2

8

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GSM CallForwarding (1)
Four GSM Forwarding Categories exist:
• • • • Call Forwarding Unconditional (FTN-U) Call Forwarding on Not-reachable (FTN-NRc) Call Forwarding on No-Reply (FTN-NRp) Call Forwarding on Busy (FTN-B)

CAMEL interacts with all Forwarding Categories.

CAMEL Phase 1 & 2

9

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GSM Call Forwarding (2)
• Early Call Forwarding:
- Unconditional (after 1stSRI) - Not-Reachable (detached, after first SRI; switched off, after 2nd SRI; no paging response, in combination with pre-paging, after 2nd SRI) - Busy (in combination with CCBS)

• Late Call Forwarding:
Busy, No Answer, Not-Reachable (no paging response)
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 10 ←←

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GSM Call Forwarding (3)
• Early Call Forwarding occurs in the GMSC/HLR • Late Call Forwardingoccurs in the VMSC • Late Call Forwarding may be optimally routed back to the GMSC: Optimal Routeing of Late Call Forwarding (ORLCF) • CAMEL may induce early call forwarding in GMSC
CAMEL Phase 1 & 2 11 ←←

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GSM Network
HLR
HPLMN VPLMN/ IPLMN

(with gsmSSF) Service Switching Function Service Switching Function Switching node Services Switching node for IN for IN...