Chemical Injection

CHEMICAL FLOODING

Course Work
Of
Reservoir Engineering.

Eng. Guido Piccone.

Faculty of Engineering, Science and the Built Environment 2010-2011 M-Level.
6th of December 2010

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction 5
1.1 Definition of chemical flooding 5
1.2 Types of Chemical Flooding 6
1.2.1 Mobility controlled Polymer Flooding 6
1.2.2 Surfactant-Polymer 61.2.3 Micellar-Polymer 8
1.2.4 Alkali-Polymer 8
1.2.5 Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer 8
1.3 Screening criteria for chemical flooding 9
1.4 Mechanism of chemical flooding 10
1.4.1 Capillary number 10
1.4.2 Mobility control 11
1.5 Advantages of polymer flooding 12
1.6 Disadvantages of Polymer flooding 12
Chapter 2 Case Study 1 13
2.1 Daqing Oil Field. 13
2.2 Small-Scale PilotTests. 14
2.3 First Large-Scale Polymer Flooding Field Test. 14
2.4 Additional Large-Scale Field Tests. 15
2.5 Large-Scale Fieldwide Polymer Flooding Applications. 16
2.6 Conclusions and Improvements in Polymer Flooding. 17
Chapter 3 Zaloni Barali Second Sand Polymer Flooding 19
3.1 Introduction 19
3.2 Production history 20
3.3 Reservoir characteristics 21
3.4 Polymer Flood Design21
3.5 Performance of the polymer flooding program 23
Chapter 4 Conclusions 25
References 26

List of Tables and Figures
Table 1.1: showing the major mechanisms employed in a chemical EOR operation 12
Figure 2.1 Oil rate and water cut in 16 central production wells (Pilot test) (Chang L., et al. 2006) 15
Figure 2.2: Schematic representation for polymer flooding processes.(http://www.surtek.com/technologies.html) 17
Figure 2.3: Area with polymer flooding in the Daqing Oilfield. (Chang L., et al. 2006) 18
Figure 3.1: showing the Depth Contour map of Barali Second Sand (Yomdo S., et al 2005) 19
Figure 3.2: Showing Comparison of Cumulative oil curves (Yomdo S., et al 2005) 20
Table 3.1: Showing the major Reservoir Properties of the Zaloni Barali Second Sand Unit(Yomdo S., et al 2005) 21
Figure 3.2: Showing Injection Profile in the Zaloni Barali Second Sand (Yomdo S., et al 2005) 23
Figure 3.3: Pressure production Performance curve (Yomdo S., et al 2005) 24
Figure 3.4: Comparison of Cumulative water (Yomdo S., et al 2005) 24
Figure 3.5: Comparison of GOR (Yomdo S., et al 2005) 25

IntroductionThe craving for more energy by the developedcountries and indeed the world economy keeps the oil industry on the edge as they develop and employ newer techniques to recover more oil than what would have been possible through primary approach alone. Statistics shows that the consumption of oil goes up by 1.5% yearly and the depletion in the major reservoirs in the world due to exploration activities prompted by the increasing consumption in oiluse has created a supply gap that will have its ripples in the near future. Alternative method of recovering more of the original oil in place is required to keep this insatiable appetite for oil within limits that will not lead to the break down in the world economy as it influences almost every sector of the economy. A more objective approach to recover more oil than the conventional means ofoil recovery is achievable through enhanced oil recovery process. Unconventional have not been sufficiently developed and technology for its exploitation is lacking and therefore leaves the petroleum engineer in the interim, saddled with the responsibility of feeling the gap while other means are developed. With reservoirs that are easily explored by primary oil recover gradually being abandoned asa result of their depleted reserves; companies now have to deal with the challenges associated with reservoir with proven reserves but having poor drive mechanism. To overcome this, the tertiary oil recovery employed which involves the use of chemical flooding as a means of enhanced oil recovery which shall be discussed in this report. It should be noted that the chemical process of EOR like...