Economia En La India

The Economy of India is the tenth largest in the world by nominal GDP[1] and the fourth largest by purchasing power parity (PPP).[1] The country's per capita GDP (PPP) is $3,339 (IMF, 129th) in 2010.[1] Following strong economic reforms from the post-independence socialist economy, the country's economic growth progressed at a rapid pace, as free market principles were initiated in 1991 forinternational competition and foreign investment.[10] Despite fast economic growth India continues to face massive income inequalities, high unemployment and malnutrition.
The Indian rupee is the only legal tender in India, and is also accepted as legal tender in the neighbouring Nepal and Bhutan, both of which peg their currency to that of the Indian rupee. The rupee is divided into 100 paise. Thehighest-denomination banknote is the 1,000 rupee note; the lowest-denomination coin in circulation is the 10 paise coin.[121] However, with effect from 30 June 2011, 50 paise will be the minimum coin accepted in the markets as all denominations below it will cease to be legal currency.[122][123] India's monetary system is managed by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the country's central bank.[124]Established on 1 April 1935 and nationalised in 1949, the RBI serves as the nation's monetary authority, regulator and supervisor of the monetary system, banker to the government, custodian of foreign exchange reserves, and as an issuer of currency. It is governed by a central board of directors, headed by a governor who is appointed by the Government of India.[125]
The rupee was linked to theBritish pound from 1927–1946 and then the U.S. dollar till 1975 through a fixed exchange rate. It was devalued in September 1975 and the system of fixed par rate was replaced with a basket of four major international currencies – the British pound, the U.S. dollar, the Japanese yen and the Deutsche mark.[126] Since 2003, the rupee has been steadily appreciating against the U.S. dollar.[127] In2009, a rising rupee prompted the Government of India to purchase 200 tons of gold for $6.7 billion from the IMF.[128] YA FLAKO

Following independence, India viewed education as an effective tool for bringing social change through community development.[71] The administrative control was effectively initiated in the 1950s, when, in 1952, the government grouped villages under a Community DevelopmentBlock—an authority under national programme which could control education in up to 100 villages.[71] A Block Development Officer oversaw a geographical area of 150 square miles (390 km2) which could contain a population of as many as 70000 people.[71]
Setty and Ross elaborate on the role of such programmes, themselves divided further into individual-based, community based, or theIndividual-cum-community-based, in which microscopic levels of development are overseen at village level by an appointed worker:The community development programmes comprise agriculture, animal husbandry, cooperation, rural industries, rural engineering (consisting of minor irrigation, roads, buildings), health and sanitation including family welfare, family planning, women welfare, child care and nutrition,education including adult education, social education and literacy, youth welfare and community organisation. In each of these areas of development there are several programmes, schemes and activities which are additive, expanding and tapering off covering the total community, some segments, or specific target populations such as small and marginal farmers, artisans, women and in general peoplebelow the poverty line.[71] Despite some setbacks the rural education programmes continued throughout the 1950s, with support from private institutions.[72] A sizable network of rural education had been established by the time the Gandhigram Rural Institute was established and 5, 200 Community Development Blocks were established in India.[73] Nursery schools, elementary schools, secondary school,...