Emergent Properties

Objective:
• Define population and the way it is formed.
• Identify the emergent properties of populations.
• Identify the factors that regulate population growth.
Procedure:
• Choose one type of land animals’ population.
• After you select the population, identify and explain the following:
 Emergent properties
 Factors regulating the populations’ growth.
• What does the densityfactor represent in the emergent properties? Provide a detailed description.
• What are the distribution patterns?
• Give an example of every pattern.
Results:

Lions are the only cats that live in groups, which are called prides. Prides are family units that may include up to three males, a dozen or so females, and their young. All of a pride's lionesses are related, and female cubs typicallystay with the group as they age. Young males eventually leave and establish their own prides by taking over a group headed by another male.

Only male lions boast manes, the impressive fringe of long hair that encircles their heads. Males defend the pride's territory, which may include some 100 square miles (259 square kilometers) of grasslands, scrub, or open woodlands. These intimidatinganimals mark the area with urine, roar menacingly to warn intruders, and chase off animals that encroach on their turf.

Female lions are the pride's primary hunters. They often work together to prey upon antelopes, zebras, wildebeest, and other large animals of the open grasslands. Many of these animals are faster than lions, so teamwork pays off.

After the hunt, the group effort oftendegenerates to squabbling over the sharing of the kill, with cubs at the bottom of the pecking order. Young lions do not help to hunt until they are about a year old. Lions will hunt alone if the opportunity presents itself, and they also steal kills from hyenas or wild dogs.

Lions have been celebrated throughout history for their courage and strength. They once roamed most of Africa and parts of Asiaand Europe. Today they are found only in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, except for one very small population of Asian lions that survives in India's Gir Forest.

In the case of lions like tigers opinions differ according to the authors, but some identify 5 subspecies live:
-The Katanga lion (Panthera leo bleyenberghi), also known as Lion-The Lion South African Angola.
-(Panthera leo krugeri),also called Transvaal lion is the lion subspecies of larger size and bulk to survive in the wild. To this subspecies belong white lions.
-lions of the Masai Lion (Panthera leo massaicus) is the largest and best known subspecies of the lion. Is the predator than the plains of the Serengeti in Tanzania and the Masai Mara in Kenya.
-Senegalese Lion (Panthera leo senegalensis), also called WestAfrican lion is a subspecies of lion that lives from Senegal to South Sudan. While today populations are extremely fragmented. Their numbers released today no more than 850 individuals, so that it is the most endangered subspecies África.
-The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo persica) is the only subspecies of lion that can currently be found outside Africa. This is one is the most endangered cat, as itspopulation in the wild is reduced to about 360 copies (April 2006) in the Gir Forest.

Lion’s pattern distribution is clumped. Clumped distribution is the most common type of dispersion found in nature. In clumped distribution, the distance between neighboring individuals is minimized. This type of distribution is found in environments that are characterized by patchy resources. Clumpeddistribution is the most common type of dispersion found in nature because animals need certain resources to survive, and when these resources become rare during certain parts of the year animals tend to “clump” together around these crucial resources. Individuals might be clustered together in an area due to social factors such as selfish herds and family groups. Organisms that usually serve as prey form...