ESPAÑOL

The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. Initially established during the Pre-Classic period (c. 2000 BC to AD 250), according to the Mesoamerican chronology, many Maya cities reached their highest state of development duringthe Classic period (c. AD 250 to 900), and continued throughout the Post-Classic period until the arrival of the Spanish.
The Maya civilization shares many features with other Mesoamerican civilizations due to the high degree of interaction and cultural diffusionthat characterized the region. Advances such as writing, epigraphy, and the calendar did not originate with the Maya; however, theircivilization fully developed them. Maya influence can be detected in Honduras, Belize, Guatemala, and western El Salvador to as far away as central Mexico, more than 1,000 km (620 mi) from the central Maya area. The many outside influences found in Maya art and architecture are thought to have resulted from trade and cultural exchange rather than direct external conquest.
The Maya peoples survivedthe Classic period collapse and the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores and sixteenth-century Spanish colonization of the Americas. Today, the Maya and their descendants form sizable populations throughout the Maya area; they maintain a distinctive set of traditions and beliefs resulting from the merger of pre-Columbian and post-Conquest ideas and cultures. Millions of people speak Mayanlanguages today. In 2005 the Rabinal Achí, a play written in the Achi language, was declared a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO.
The Maya civilization extended throughout the present-day southern Mexican states of Chiapas, Tabasco, and the Yucatán Peninsulastates of Quintana Roo, Campeche and Yucatán. The Maya area also extended throughout the northern CentralAmerican region, including the present-day nations of Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras and extreme northern El Salvador.
The Maya area is generally divided into three loosely defined zones: the southern Pacific lowlands, the highlands, and the northern lowlands. The Maya highlands include all of elevated terrain in Guatemala and the Chiapas highlands of Mexico. The southern lowlands lie just south of thehighlands, and incorporate a part of the Mexican state of Chiapas, the south coast of Guatemala, Belize and northern El Salvador. The northern lowlands cover all of the Yucatán Peninsula, including the Mexican states of Yucatán, Campeche and Quintana Roo, the Petén Department of Guatemala, and all of Belize. Parts of the Mexican states of Tabasco and Chiapas are also included in the northernlowlands.
























a) ¿Cómo se orientan los aviones en el aire? 
Casi todos los aviones se controlan a través de sus tres ejes: Dirección, 
Profundidad y Alabeo. Para ello disponemos de unas superficies móviles 
de control que actúan sobre cada uno de los ejes. 
Dirección: Se controla con el timón de dirección, la superficie móvil vertical en 
la cola delavión. Hace que el avión cambie de rumbo sin inclinarse. Es utilizado 
en los despegues y aterrizajes para controlar la dirección del avión cuando está 
rodando. También para compensar desviaciones debidas al viento u otros 
factores. Para controlarlo se usan las teclas del pad numérico: [Ins]: izqda. 
[Intro]: dcha. [5]: centrar el mando. En el avión real serían los pedales. 
Alabeo: Secontrola con los alerones, que son las superficies móviles en el lado 
exterior de las alas. Su fin es tumbar (alabear) el avión a los lados para conseguir 
que este gire. Es el mando real y efectivo de giro del avión. Lo controlamos con el joystick o pad numérico: Izquierda o [4]: izqda. Derecha o [6]: dcha. Neutro o 
[5]: centrar el mando. 
Este mando se puede usar conjuntamente con el de...