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Also called earthquake is a ground shaking that occurs from the collision of tectonic plates and release of energy in the course of a sudden reorganization of crustal materials to overcome thestate of mechanical equilibrium. The significant and frequent releases are generated when elastic potential energy accumulated by gradual deformation of the rocks adjacent to an active fault plane. They canalso occur from other causes, for example about volcanic processes or by collapse of cavities.
The origin of earthquakes is in accumulation of energy that occurs when, for restoring thebalance by movement of materials inside the Earth, from unstable conditions that result from volcanic and tectonic activities, which originate mainly at the edges of the plate. Although tectonic andvolcanic activities are the main causes that are generated by earthquakes, many adverse factors can originate them:
Accumulation of sediment, by: falling rocks on the slopes of the mountains, caves collapse.Changing rainfall regime, which alters watersheds and river channels and estuaries.
Abrupt changes in atmospheric pressure cyclones.
These phenomena generate low magnitude events, which generally fall inthe range of micro earthquakes: tremors detectable only by seismographs.
The seismic elastic waves propagating through (similar to the sound) from the hypocenter. Seismic waves are of three types:Longitudinal waves, primary or P. Body waves that propagate at speeds of 8 to 13 km / sin the same direction as the vibration of the particles. Circulating inside the Earth where liquid andsolid cross. Are the first to record the measuring devices or seismographs. Hence the name
Transverse waves, secondary or S. Body waves are slower than the previous (4 to 8 km / s). Propagatingperpendicular to the direction of vibration of the particles. Only pass through solids. In the seismographs recorded second.
Surface waves. They are slower: 3.5 km / s. They result from interaction of P...