Foto mosaicos

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 65 (2010) 282–293

Contents lists available at ScienceDirect

ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/isprsjprs

An automatic mosaicking method for building facade texture mapping using a monocular close-range image sequence
Zhizhong Kang a,∗ , Liqiang Zhang b , Sisi Zlatanova c ,Jonathan Li d
a b c d

Department of Geodesy and Geomatics, School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 100083 Beijing, China Research Center for Remote Sensing and GIS, School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China OTB Research Institute for Housing, Urban and Mobility Studies, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BX Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Geography, Faculty of Environmental Studies, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1

article

info

abstract
This paper presents an automatic mosaicking method for generating building facade textures from a monocular close-range digital image sequence. The process begins with the computation of the camera parameters (except thecoordinates of the projective center), which are determined by combining vanishing point geometry with constraints of a straight line bundle as well as prior information of parallel lines in object space. The raw images are later rectified for the purpose of eliminating their salient geometric distortion. Next, automatic retrieval of the relevant image segment is implemented using the detecting rangevariance by means of the histogram of projective differences between the corresponding points for each of the facades from the raw image sequence. A strip model of the leastsquares adjustment, which is similar to the strip block adjustment in aerial triangulation, is employed to determine the spatial alignment of each of the image segments in order to generate the facade textures from the relevantimage segments. Afterwards, the entire building facade texture is mosaicked by orthoimage generation. Two refining strategies are proposed to optimize the mosaic result. One is refining the mosaic region where corresponding points are difficult to match but plenty of horizontal lines are available, and the constraint of corresponding horizontal lines is introduced to implement this process. The otherstrategy is to refine the unsatisfactory mosaic region by densifying the corresponding points by means of the spatial alignment of the relevant image segment computed by the strip method. The experimental results indicate that this method is widely applicable and compares well with other reported approaches with regard to automation level and applicability, for uncalibrated images as well asimages with large geometric distortions. © 2009 International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Inc. (ISPRS). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Article history: Received 3 September 2007 Received in revised form 28 November 2009 Accepted 29 November 2009 Available online 16 December 2009 Keywords: Terrestrial imaging Digital camera calibration Mosaicking Building facadeTexture mapping

1. Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) spatial models of urban environments are useful in a variety of applications ranging from urban planning, virtual tourism, and heritage protection to training and simulations for urban disaster and emergency scenarios (e.g., Zlatanova et al., 2005, 2006). A number of algorithms for the extraction of 3D geometric building models have beenreported. These algorithms can be categorized as either imageor range-based approaches. Image-based methods (e.g., Grün, 2000; Suveg and Vosselman, 2004) extract the object geometry using stereo or motion techniques. For a comprehensive review

∗ Corresponding address: School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, 29 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, 100083 Beijing, China....