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UML – a tutorial
UML – a tutorial.....................................................................................................1 1 The history of object-oriented analysis and design methods .............................2 2 Software engineering ......................................................................................7 2.1 Responsibility-driven versus data-driven approaches..............................12 2.2 Translational versus elaborational approaches ........................................13 3 Object-oriented analysis and design using UML............................................13 3.1 Types and classes ....................................................................................13 3.1 Objectstructures.....................................................................................18 3.2 Using use cases to discover types ............................................................28 3.3 Invariants and rulesets............................................................................35 3.4 Invariants and encapsulation ..................................................................43 3.5 State models...........................................................................................45 3.6 Moving to component design..................................................................48 3.8 The design process .................................................................................55 3.9 Documenting models..............................................................................57 3.10 Real-timeextensions.............................................................................58 4 Identifying objects.........................................................................................60 4.2 Task analysis...........................................................................................65 4.3 Kellygrids...............................................................................................68 5 CASE tools ...................................................................................................71 6 Patterns, architecture and decoupled design ..................................................73 6.1 Design patterns for decoupling ................................................................87 7 Designing components..................................................................................97 7.1 Components for flexibility....................................................................100 7.2 Large-scale connectors .........................................................................101 7.3 Mapping the business model to the implementation..............................103 8 Notationsummary.......................................................................................105 8.1 Object modelling symbols.....................................................................105 8.2 Action (use case) modelling symbols ........................................................110 8.3 Sequence and collaboration diagram symbols ..........................................110 8.4 State modellingsymbols...........................................................................112 8.5 Action or activity diagram symbols ..........................................................114 8.6 Implementation and component modelling symbols .................................115 8.7 Collaborations and patterns......................................................................116 8.8 Real-time notation: ports andconnectors..................................................116 9 Further reading ...........................................................................................117 10 Exercises...................................................................................................118 UML is the international standard notation for object-oriented analysis and design. It is defined by the Object Management Group (www.omg.org) and...