From Local Groups To Early States: The Development Of Complexity In Protohistoric Catalonia
Páginas: 71 (17619 palabras)
Publicado: 10 de agosto de 2012
PYRENAE, núm. 35, vol. 1 (2004) ISSN: 0079-8215 (p. 7-41)
REVISTA DE PREHISTÒRIA I ANTIGUITAT DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA OCCIDENTAL JOURNAL OF WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY
From local groups to early states: the development of complexity in protohistoric Catalonia
JOAN SANMARTÍ
Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia C/ Baldiri Reixac,s/n E-08028 Barcelona sanmarti@ub.edu
While research on Catalan Proto-history had traditionally been rooted in Culture History, the work in the last twenty-five years has begun to throw some light on the crucial matters of social change and early state formation. This paper is an overview of the present state of research on these issues. Particular attention is paid to demographic growth as acrucial cause of social change, but the possible roles of migration and colonial trade are also considered.
KEY WORDS CATALONIA, PROTO-HISTORY, IBERIAN CULTURE, SOCIAL CHANGE, MIGRATION, COLONIAL TRADE, WORLD SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE.
La recerca sobre la protohistòria de Catalunya s’ha fonamentat tradicionalment en la historia cultural, però el treball dels darrers vint-i-cinc anys ha començat a donarllum sobre aspectes crucials com el canvi social i la formació de l’Estat arcaic. Aquest article és una visió general sobre aquests temes. S’hi analitza particularment el paper del creixement demogràfic com a element crucial del canvi social, però també s’hi té en compte el paper que eventualment hi hagin pogut tenir els moviments de població i el comerç colonial.
PARAULES CLAU CATALUNYA,PROTOHISTÒRIA, CULTURA IBÈRICA, CANVI SOCIAL, MIGRACIÓ, COMERÇ COLONIAL, SISTEMA MUNDIAL.
Data de recepció: 10-05-2004. Data d’acceptació: 21-05-2004
7
JOAN SANMARTÍ
From local groups to early states
1. Introduction
Archaeological research on Catalan Proto-history has undergone important development in the last twenty-five years. Most of the basic questions on chronology and typologywere answered during the seventies, owing to a radical improvement in excavation methodology and considerable progress in knowledge on imported Greek, Phoenician and Punic ceramics had already experienced by then. In this regard, the Simposi Internacional: Els origens del món ibèric (International Symposium: The Origins of the Iberian World) (Barcelona, 1976) (Ripoll, Llongueras and Sanmartí-Grego,1976-1978) was a significant turning point on Iberian studies, as the problems concerning the dating of the Early Iberian Period (a matter of bitter discussion not long before that date) were solved definitely. In sharp contrast, beyond the vague concept of acculturation under Greek and Phoenician influence, the social and economic processes that led to the upsurge of the Iberian culture remainedin a kind of diffuse limbo. However, we must also acknowledge that by the end of the seventies, only a few sites had been widely excavated —mostly in the first decades of the 20th century—, in general with not strictly stratigraphical methods, and very little, usually non-systematic, field survey had been performed. It goes without saying that some valuable work had already been or was being doneat some sites, like Penya del Moro (Sant Just Desvern, Barcelonès) (Barberà, Morral and Sanmartí-Grego, 1979; Barberà, Morral and SanmartíGrego, 1982), Puig Castellet (Lloret de Mar, La Selva) (Pons, Toledo and Llorens, 1981), among others. However, on the whole, the evidence available was scarce and sparse, at least if it were meant to provide answers to the questions that lie at the heart of anyapproach to complexity, namely regional population density and measures of sociopolitical integration and division of labor. In addition, the imported material was conceived basically as a dating tool, and, to some extent, as an evidence of foreign relations and trade. Not all the imported pottery had been collected in old excavations (amphorae, most of all, were frequently not preserved) and...
REVISTA DE PREHISTÒRIA I ANTIGUITAT DE LA MEDITERRÀNIA OCCIDENTAL JOURNAL OF WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN PREHISTORY AND ANTIQUITY
From local groups to early states: the development of complexity in protohistoric Catalonia
JOAN SANMARTÍ
Universitat de Barcelona. Departament de Prehistòria, Història Antiga i Arqueologia C/ Baldiri Reixac,s/n E-08028 Barcelona sanmarti@ub.edu
While research on Catalan Proto-history had traditionally been rooted in Culture History, the work in the last twenty-five years has begun to throw some light on the crucial matters of social change and early state formation. This paper is an overview of the present state of research on these issues. Particular attention is paid to demographic growth as acrucial cause of social change, but the possible roles of migration and colonial trade are also considered.
KEY WORDS CATALONIA, PROTO-HISTORY, IBERIAN CULTURE, SOCIAL CHANGE, MIGRATION, COLONIAL TRADE, WORLD SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE.
La recerca sobre la protohistòria de Catalunya s’ha fonamentat tradicionalment en la historia cultural, però el treball dels darrers vint-i-cinc anys ha començat a donarllum sobre aspectes crucials com el canvi social i la formació de l’Estat arcaic. Aquest article és una visió general sobre aquests temes. S’hi analitza particularment el paper del creixement demogràfic com a element crucial del canvi social, però també s’hi té en compte el paper que eventualment hi hagin pogut tenir els moviments de població i el comerç colonial.
PARAULES CLAU CATALUNYA,PROTOHISTÒRIA, CULTURA IBÈRICA, CANVI SOCIAL, MIGRACIÓ, COMERÇ COLONIAL, SISTEMA MUNDIAL.
Data de recepció: 10-05-2004. Data d’acceptació: 21-05-2004
7
JOAN SANMARTÍ
From local groups to early states
1. Introduction
Archaeological research on Catalan Proto-history has undergone important development in the last twenty-five years. Most of the basic questions on chronology and typologywere answered during the seventies, owing to a radical improvement in excavation methodology and considerable progress in knowledge on imported Greek, Phoenician and Punic ceramics had already experienced by then. In this regard, the Simposi Internacional: Els origens del món ibèric (International Symposium: The Origins of the Iberian World) (Barcelona, 1976) (Ripoll, Llongueras and Sanmartí-Grego,1976-1978) was a significant turning point on Iberian studies, as the problems concerning the dating of the Early Iberian Period (a matter of bitter discussion not long before that date) were solved definitely. In sharp contrast, beyond the vague concept of acculturation under Greek and Phoenician influence, the social and economic processes that led to the upsurge of the Iberian culture remainedin a kind of diffuse limbo. However, we must also acknowledge that by the end of the seventies, only a few sites had been widely excavated —mostly in the first decades of the 20th century—, in general with not strictly stratigraphical methods, and very little, usually non-systematic, field survey had been performed. It goes without saying that some valuable work had already been or was being doneat some sites, like Penya del Moro (Sant Just Desvern, Barcelonès) (Barberà, Morral and Sanmartí-Grego, 1979; Barberà, Morral and SanmartíGrego, 1982), Puig Castellet (Lloret de Mar, La Selva) (Pons, Toledo and Llorens, 1981), among others. However, on the whole, the evidence available was scarce and sparse, at least if it were meant to provide answers to the questions that lie at the heart of anyapproach to complexity, namely regional population density and measures of sociopolitical integration and division of labor. In addition, the imported material was conceived basically as a dating tool, and, to some extent, as an evidence of foreign relations and trade. Not all the imported pottery had been collected in old excavations (amphorae, most of all, were frequently not preserved) and...
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