Guia De Ciencias

Science green



Development-. Construction of buildings, bridges, dams, and other structures

Litter-. Very top layer of the soil with grass and dead leaves

Topsoil-. Next layer with a mixture of rock fragments, water, air and decaying animals

Subsoil-. Next layer, with also rock fragments, air, and water, but less animals

Bedrock-. Last layer, that makes up earth’s crustErosion-. Process by which water, wind, or ice moves particles of rocks or soil

Nutrient depletion-. When the soil becomes less fertile

Fertilizer-. Nutrients that help crops grow better

Desertification-. The advance of desert-like conditions into areas that previously where fertile

Drought-. Period when less rain than normal falls in an area

Land reclamation-. Process of restoring anarea of land to a more natural, productive state

Municipal solid waste-. Waste materials produced in homes, business, schools, and other places

Incineration-. The burning of solid waste

Leach ate-. Polluted liquid

Sanitary landfill-. Holds municipal solid waste, and other wastes

Recycling-. Process of reclaiming raw materials and reusing them to create new products

Biodegradable-.Any material that can be broken down and recycled by bacteria

Composing-. Process of helping biodegradable wastes to discompose naturally

Hazardous waste-. Any material that can be harmful to human health

Groundwater-. Water stored in soil and rock beneath earth surface

Pollutant-. Substances that cause pollution

Sewage-. Water and human wastes that are washed down sinks, toilets,and showers

Pesticide-. Chemicals that kill crop-destroying organisms

Sediment-.particles of rock and sand

Emissions-. Pollutants released into the air

Photochemical smog-. Thick, brownish haze

Ozone-. Form of oxygen

Temperature inversion-. Certain weather conditions

Acid rain-. Precipitation more acidic than normal

Radon-. Colorless, odorless gas that is radioactiveOzone layer-. Layer of the upper atmosphere about 30km above earth’s surface

Chlorofluorocarbon-. Human-made gases that contains chlorine and fluorine

Greenhouse effect-. Trapping of heat near earth’s surface

Global warming-. Increase in carbon dioxide

-Describe two techniques for preventing nutrient depletion

By fertilizers and give plants nutrients



-What is a drought?

Whenless rain than normal falls in an area



-What is one way that communities can encourage residents to produce less solid waste?

By putting recycle bins, trash cans on the streets



-Explain how a person might be exposed to a hazardous substance that was buried years ago.

Because the substance remains left over will come out



-How can a small oil spill in the ocean be naturallycleaned up?

By feeding on it and using it



-How does acid rain form?

By the emissions from power plants and factories



-What role do water vapor and carbon dioxide play in the greenhouse effect?

Like windows they help reach sunlight to reach the surface



-In strip mining, a layer of soil is removed to expose a resource, such as coal underneath. What methods could beused to restore this damaged land?

Doing land reclamation or let it restore naturally



-Why is it unsafe to bury or incinerate radioactive waste? Because it might become hazardous waste and harm the humans



-Would you expect the levels of photochemical smog to be worse in cities or in rural areas?

I would say rural areas because there is more carbon dioxide and more sunlight-What process is represented in the diagram?

Temperature inversion





Fuel-. Substance that provides energy

Energy transformation-. Energy conservation

Combustion-. Burning fuels to produce energy

Fossil fuel-. Energy-rich substances formed from remains of organisms

Hydrocarbon-. Chemical compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms

Petroleum-. Another name for oil...