Introducción marketing industria algodón(en inglés)

Competitors

Nowadays, issues related to late Chinese harvests, Indian export limits and flooding in Pakistan have slowed up supplies of the fibre. Here is a snapshot of key destinations for global cotton production and its use in the textile industry:

• China is the world's leading producer and consumer of cotton, with production standing at 35.5m bales in 2008-2009, while consumptionwas 53.5m, according to the UN Conference on Trade & Development.
• India is the second largest global producer, growing 24m bales and using 18m during the last growing season (UN).
• The US and Pakistan represent the third and fourth largest cotton growing markets repectively (UN).
• While the US grows around 13.7m bales of cotton per year, the country exports 13m of them(International Coffee Organisation).
• India trails the US for exports, shipping around 8m bales of cotton per season (International Coffee Organization).
• China is by far and away the world's largest cotton importer, serving its vast textile manufacturing base, and imported 13m bales in 2008-2009. Its closest rival was Turkey, which imported 3.3m.

Market segments

Organic cotton is cottonthat originates from organic agriculture. Agricultural production is considered ‘organic’ when it has been certified ‘organic’ by independent inspection and certification bodies according to the rules and regulations that apply in that particular country, region, or envisaged consumer market.

The International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), which is the representative bodyfor organic agriculture worldwide, defines ‘organic agriculture’ according to four principles:

• The principle of health. Organic agriculture should sustain and enhance the health of soil, plant, animal, human and planet as one and indivisible.
• The principle of ecology. Organic agriculture should be based on living ecological systems and cycles, work with them, emulate them and helpsustain them.
• The principle of fairness. Organic agriculture should build on relationships that ensure fairness with regard to the common environment and life opportunities.
• The principle of care. Organic agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment.

The principleof care. Organic agriculture should be managed in a precautionary and responsible manner to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations and the environment.

Cotton sector structure: Commodity Chain and commercial chain

One of the main goals of the big transformation companies is in getting reduction of the costs in each level of the chain, it means in the automationof the production processes and the search for cheap and flexible workforce where the level requires an intensive use of labor force.

The first process is made up by the activities before cotton industrialization. Where the cultivation process represents the initial step, followed by dismantled of cotton (which is usually automated at present). After this first steps is produced the raw materialused by the industry, where are indentified two destinies: national industry or exportation. At this point we have to take in consideration that the industry is not usually located in the main producer zones.

The next process would be the transformation industry and textile industry, where the production is subcontracted from trademarks with the aim to search for low costs and flexibility andinfluenced by the commercial pressure (competitiveness, prices…). The steps included in the textile sector are spinning, weaving and tailoring. The location of these processes uses to be in India, China or Pakistan with cheap and flexible workforce, low environmental regulations, fiscal exemptions, etc. In the industrial countries the cotton processing is constantly declining, since in USA have...