Keyp

Albert Einstein (pronounced /ˈælbərt ˈaɪnstaɪn/; German: [ˈalbɐt ˈaɪnʃtaɪn] ( listen); 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a theoretical physicist, philosopher and author who is widely regarded as one of the most influential and best known scientists and intellectuals of all time. He is often regarded as the father of modern physics.[2] He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for hisservices to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect."[3]

His many contributions to physics include the special and general theories of relativity, the founding of relativistic cosmology, the first post-Newtonian expansion, explaining the perihelion advance of Mercury, prediction of the deflection of light by gravity and gravitational lensing, thefirst fluctuation dissipation theorem which explained the Brownian movement of molecules, the photon theory and wave-particle duality, the quantum theory of atomic motion in solids, the zero-point energy concept, the semiclassical version of the Schrödinger equation, and the quantum theory of a monatomic gas which predicted Bose–Einstein condensation.

Einstein published more than 300 scientificand over 150 non-scientific works; he additionally wrote and commentated prolifically on various philosophical and political subjects.[4] His great intelligence and originality has made the word "Einstein" synonymous with genius.[5]
Contents
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* 1 Biography
o 1.1 Early life and education
o 1.2 Marriages and children
o 1.3 Patent office
o1.4 Academic career
o 1.5 Emigration to the United States
o 1.6 Death
* 2 Scientific career
o 2.1 Physics in 1900
o 2.2 Thermodynamic fluctuations and statistical physics
o 2.3 Thought experiments and a-priori physical principles
o 2.4 Special relativity
o 2.5 Photons
o 2.6 Quantized atomic vibrationso 2.7 Adiabatic principle and action-angle variables
o 2.8 Wave-particle duality
o 2.9 Theory of critical opalescence
o 2.10 Zero-point energy
o 2.11 Principle of equivalence
o 2.12 Hole argument and Entwurf theory
o 2.13 General relativity
o 2.14 Cosmology
o 2.15 Modern quantum theory
o 2.16Bose–Einstein statistics
o 2.17 Energy momentum pseudotensor
o 2.18 Unified field theory
o 2.19 Wormholes
o 2.20 Einstein–Cartan theory
o 2.21 Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen paradox
o 2.22 Equations of motion
o 2.23 Einstein’s controversial beliefs in physics
o 2.24 Collaboration with other scientists+ 2.24.1 Einstein-de Haas experiment
+ 2.24.2 Schrödinger gas model
+ 2.24.3 Einstein refrigerator
o 2.25 Bohr versus Einstein
* 3 Religious views
* 4 Political views
* 5 Non-scientific legacy
* 6 In popular culture
* 7 Awards
* 8 Honors
* 9 See also
* 10 Publications
* 11 Notes
* 12 Further reading* 13 External links

Biography
Early life and education
A young boy with short hair and a round face, wearing a white collar and large bow, with vest, coat, skirt and high boots. He is leaning against an ornate chair.
Einstein at the age of 4. His father showed him a pocket compass, and Einstein realized that there must be something causing the needle to move, despite the apparent “emptyspace.”[6]

Albert Einstein was born in Ulm, in the Kingdom of Württemberg in the German Empire on 14 March 1879.[7] His father was Hermann Einstein, a salesman and engineer. His mother was Pauline Einstein (née Koch). In 1880, the family moved to Munich, where his father and his uncle founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a company that manufactured electrical equipment based on...