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Baker Hughes INTEQ
FLUID Facts
Engineering Handbook
Part Number 008902097 Rev. C December 1999
Baker Hughes INTEQ Technical Communications Group P.O. Box 670968 Houston, TX 77267-0968 USA 713-625-4694 Fluid Engineering Handbook i
The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and, where appropriate, based on sound engineering principles. However, Baker Hughes INTEQ makesno warranties or representations to that effect and will not be liable for any damages, direct or indirect, which result from the use of any information contained herein. Unauthorized copying and/or use of this handbook, in part or in whole, is prohibited and subject to penalties under copyright and other laws of the United States and other countries.
© 1999 Baker Hughes INTEQ All RightsReserved
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Products, Applications, and Testing
Cross Reference Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Drilling Fluid Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Base Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density (Fluid Weight) Measurement . . . . . . .. . . . . . Viscosity and Gel Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marsh Funnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct-Indicating Viscometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shear Strength Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filtration: API Low-Temp/Low-Pressure Test . . . . . . Filtration: High-Temp/High-Pressure Test . . . . . . . .Dynamic Filtration: High-Temp/High-Pressure Test Retort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimating Sand Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring pH of Drilling Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Methylene Blue Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . Determining Chloride Ion Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Filtrate, Fluid Alkalinity, Lime Content. Determining Total Hardness as Calcium . . . . . . . . . . Determining Ca++ Only in Fluid Filtrate . . . . . . . . . . Determining Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Calcium Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining SulfideContent in Fluid Filtrate . . . . . . Determining Carbonate Content in Fluid Filtrate . . . Measuring Nitrate Ion Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLUID Facts Engineering Handbook 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-13 1-13 1-14 1-16 1-17 1-19 1-21 1-24 1-25 1-26 1-28 1-28 1-29 1-31 1-32 1-33 1-34 1-35 1-38 1-41 i
Table of Contents
Measuring Sulfite Ion Content of Drilling Fluids. . . . .1-43Miscellaneous Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-44 Stickometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-44 Determining MIL-GARD Content in Field Fluid . . . . .1-46 Determining DAP Content of Drilling Fluid . . . . . . . .1-48 Determining Potassium Concentration in Fluid Filtrate: Centrifuge Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-49Determining Potassium Concentration in Fluid Filtrate: STPB Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-52 Oil- and Synthetic-Base Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-54 Determining CARBO-DRILLSM/SYN-TEQSM Whole Fluid Alkalinity, Chlorides, & Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . .1-54 Measuring Water, Oil, and Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-56 Oil/SyntheticFluid Lime, Salinity, Solids, & Fluid/Water Ratio Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-60 Aqueous Phase Salt Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-62 Fluid/Water Ratio Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-68 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-69 Determining Electrical Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
FLUID Facts
Engineering Handbook
Part Number 008902097 Rev. C December 1999
Baker Hughes INTEQ Technical Communications Group P.O. Box 670968 Houston, TX 77267-0968 USA 713-625-4694 Fluid Engineering Handbook i
The information contained herein is believed to be accurate and, where appropriate, based on sound engineering principles. However, Baker Hughes INTEQ makesno warranties or representations to that effect and will not be liable for any damages, direct or indirect, which result from the use of any information contained herein. Unauthorized copying and/or use of this handbook, in part or in whole, is prohibited and subject to penalties under copyright and other laws of the United States and other countries.
© 1999 Baker Hughes INTEQ All RightsReserved
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1
Products, Applications, and Testing
Cross Reference Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1 Drilling Fluid Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water-Base Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Density (Fluid Weight) Measurement . . . . . . .. . . . . . Viscosity and Gel Strength . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marsh Funnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Direct-Indicating Viscometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shear Strength Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Filtration: API Low-Temp/Low-Pressure Test . . . . . . Filtration: High-Temp/High-Pressure Test . . . . . . . .Dynamic Filtration: High-Temp/High-Pressure Test Retort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Estimating Sand Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Measuring pH of Drilling Fluids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Methylene Blue Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical Analyses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . Determining Chloride Ion Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Filtrate, Fluid Alkalinity, Lime Content. Determining Total Hardness as Calcium . . . . . . . . . . Determining Ca++ Only in Fluid Filtrate . . . . . . . . . . Determining Magnesium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining Calcium Sulfate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Determining SulfideContent in Fluid Filtrate . . . . . . Determining Carbonate Content in Fluid Filtrate . . . Measuring Nitrate Ion Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . FLUID Facts Engineering Handbook 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-12 1-13 1-13 1-14 1-16 1-17 1-19 1-21 1-24 1-25 1-26 1-28 1-28 1-29 1-31 1-32 1-33 1-34 1-35 1-38 1-41 i
Table of Contents
Measuring Sulfite Ion Content of Drilling Fluids. . . . .1-43Miscellaneous Testing Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-44 Stickometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-44 Determining MIL-GARD Content in Field Fluid . . . . .1-46 Determining DAP Content of Drilling Fluid . . . . . . . .1-48 Determining Potassium Concentration in Fluid Filtrate: Centrifuge Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-49Determining Potassium Concentration in Fluid Filtrate: STPB Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-52 Oil- and Synthetic-Base Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-54 Determining CARBO-DRILLSM/SYN-TEQSM Whole Fluid Alkalinity, Chlorides, & Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . .1-54 Measuring Water, Oil, and Solids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-56 Oil/SyntheticFluid Lime, Salinity, Solids, & Fluid/Water Ratio Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-60 Aqueous Phase Salt Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-62 Fluid/Water Ratio Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-68 Nomenclature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1-69 Determining Electrical Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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