Libro

PROBLEM SOLVING
& PROGRAMMING
CONCEPTS

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Ninth Edition

PROBLEM SOLVING
& PROGRAMMING
CONCEPTS

Maureen Sprankle
Professor Emeritus, College of the Redwoods

Jim Hubbard
HGC Technology LLC
Software Consulting

Prentice Hall
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To our spouses, Norm and Tamara
and our children, Bonnie, Heidi, Tamara, John and Maliyah
for their continuing support and understanding.

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Sprankle, Maureen.
Problem solving and programming concepts / Maureen Sprankle, Jim Hubbard. — 9th ed.
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-249264-5
ISBN-10: 0-13-249264-4
1. Computer programming. 2. Problem solving—Data processing. I. Hubbard, Jim, 1955– II. Title.
QA76.6.S684 2011005.1—dc22
2010053156

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1—EB—14 13 12 11 10

ISBN-10:
0-13-249264-4
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-249264-5

Contents

Preface ix
UNIT ONE INTRODUCTION TO PROBLEM SOLVING AND PROGRAMMING, 1
Chapter 1

General Problem-Solving Concepts 3

Problem Solving in Everyday Life
Types of Problems
Problem Solving with Computers
Difficulties with Problem Solving

Chapter 2

Summary
NewTerms
Questions
Problems

7
7
7
8

Beginning Problem-Solving Concepts for the Computer 11

Constants and Variables
Data Types
How the Computer Stores Data
Functions
Operators

Chapter 3

3
5
6
6

13
16
20
21
23

Expressions and Equations
Summary
New Terms
Questions
Problems

27
34
35
35
37

42
43

Coding the Solution
Software Development Cycle
SummaryNew Terms
Questions
Problems

61
62
62
63
63
63

Planning Your Solution 41

Communicating with the Computer
Organizing the Solution
Introduction to UML
(Unified Modeling Language)
Using the Tools
Testing the Solution

55
59
61

UNIT ONE Supplementary Exercises, 65
UNIT TWO LOGIC STRUCTURES, 69
Chapter 4

An Introduction to Programming Structure 71

Pointers for...