Lic. C.I.
Author/Creation: Karalyn Jones, January 2010.
Summary: Describes the nine categories of pronouns.
Learning Objectives: To describe the function of each of the nine categories of pronouns.
Pronouns are one of the basic parts of speech in English—they refer to or stand in for a noun. The basic rule for using pronouns effectively is to make sure you’ve clearly identified the noun, called the antecedent, that the
pronoun is standing in for.
There are many rules for using pronouns because there are countless nouns they can stand for and many ways
they can be used in a sentence. Knowing the nine categories of pronouns, which is what you’ll find in this handout, will give you an excellent start on understanding those rules. What follows is a basic explanation of each
of the nine categories: personal, possessive, reflexive, intensive, relative, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,
and reciprocal.
Note that a pronoun can be included in more than one category. Pronouns are categorized according to their
function, and some can function in multiple ways.
Personal PronounsPersonal pronouns are pronouns that refer to people or things. These pronouns can be further categorized into
singular or plural; first, second, or third person; and subjective or objective case (i.e. functioning as the subject or
an object in a sentence, respectively). There is a third case, possessive, that we will handle separately below.
Person
Singular
Plural
Case
First Person
I
we
Subjective
me
us
Objective
Second Person
you
you Subjective
you
you
Objective
Third Person
he, she, it
they
Subjective
him, her, it
them
Objective
Note. From “Things Your Grammar Never Told You,” by M. Scharton and
J. Neuleib, 2001, New York: Longman. Copyright 2001 by Pearson Education.
Note
•The first person indicates the person speaking or writing. •The second person indicates the person being spoken or written to.
•The third person indicates the person, people, thing or things being spoken or written about (Person, 2000).
Examples:
I am not going to the party. [First person, singular, subjective]
The fight ends with me. [First person, singular, objective]
We couldn’t discover the root of the issue. [First person, plural, subjective] Could you provide us with some privacy? [First person, plural, objective]
You make me smile. [Second person, singular, subjective]
Is Jimmy taking you? [Second person, singular, objective]
You must pass the exam before employment can be considered. [Second person, plural, subjective]
Samson, Inc is here to help you. [Second person, plural, objective] *Note that in the second person, you is both singular and plural and used in both the subjective and objective case.
She taught them to identify patterns in an unusual way. [Third person, singular, subjective]
The ball would have hit him. [Third person, singular, objective]
They were unsure of their conclusions. [Third person, plural, subjective]
She taught them to identify patterns in an unusual way. [Third person, plural, objective]
Possessive PronounsThe third pronoun case is possessive. Possessive pronouns function as adjectives that indicate ownership or
relationship – Jones is my favorite person. They can be identified as first, second, or third person and singular or
plural as well.
Note: Do not use apostrophes with possessive pronouns.
Singular
Plural
First Person
my, mine
our, ours
Second Person
your
your, yours Third Person
his, hers, its their, theirs
Note: The forms that end in –s typically come after a verb.
Examples:
We are leaving our lives in the hands of the rescue team. [First person, plural]
The others’ opinions are irrelevant; the only one that matters is yours. [Second person, singular] ...
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