Managing Feeder Calf Health

Managing Feeder Calf Health
Prepared for the

2011 North Dakota Feedlot School
January 27, 2010 Charles L. Stoltenow, DVM, Diplomat ACVPM Associate Professor, Animal and Range Sciences Extension Veterinarian

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All of my health programs start with nutrition.
-Tim

Richards, DVM, Kamuela, HI

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Health Programs for Weaned Calves
• • • • • • Worming Lice and mangeVaccinations Methaphylaxis Sick pens Biosecurity

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Percent of all cattle experiencing health problems at feedlots after arrival
• • • • • Respiratory disease Digestive problems Bullers Lameness Central Nervous System 14.4 1.9 2.2 1.9 0.4

-NAHMS Feedlot Study, 1999

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Bovine Pneumonia

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Preventing Disease
• Preventing exposure • Preventing infection
– Passive immunity(colostrum) – Acquired immunity
• Natural exposure • Vaccination
– Efficacious vaccine – Immunocompetent animal

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Vaccinations
Risk Management

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Wild-type Virus

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Modified-Live Virus

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Killed Virus

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Type of Vaccine
• Modified Live
– – – – – Strong immune response Fewer doses required Interferon production Cell mediated immunity Resemblepathogenic form more closely

• Killed
– More stable in storage – Unlikely to cause disease due to residual virulence or reversion of virulence

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Challenge vs. Resistance

Amount of Antibody Present in Serum

Antibody needed for Resistance

Challenge to the Immune System

Time NDSU

Challenge vs. Resistance

Amount of Antibody Present in Serum

Antibody needed for ResistanceDisease

Challenge to the Immune System

Time NDSU

Challenge vs. Resistance

Amount of Antibody Present in Serum

Antibody needed for Resistance

Challenge to the Immune System

Disease

Time NDSU

Challenge vs. Resistance

Amount of Antibody Present in Serum

Antibody needed for Resistance

Disease
Challenge to the Immune System

Time NDSU

Challenge vs.Resistance
Antibody needed for Resistance

Amount of Antibody Present in Serum

Challenge to the Immune System

Time NDSU

Response to One Dose of Vaccine

Amount of Antibody Present in Antibody needed for Resistance Serum

Time

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Response to Two Doses of Vaccine

Amount of Antibody Present in Antibody needed for Resistance Serum

“Insurance Policy”

Time

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VaccineFailure
• • • • • • • Animal already incubating the disease Passive transfer interference Wrong vaccine for condition Vaccine administered incorrectly Vaccine temperature abused Vaccine outdated Animal can not mount appropriate response

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Animal Cannot Mount Response to Vaccine
• • • • Pre-existing condition Inappropriate age of animal Number of doses Stressed condition
– Increasedcortisol – Decreased immunity – Sub-optimal nutrition
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Common Vaccines for Calves
• • • • • • •
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Clostridia IBR BVD PI3 BRSV Mannheimia Pasteurella

Clostridial Diseases
• • • • • • Cl. chauvoei (blackleg) Cl. septicum (malignant edema) Cl. haemolyticum (red water) Cl. novyi (Black’s disese) Cl. sordellii (sore head) Cl. perfringens C&D (and B) (over eating)

NDSUInfectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis
• • • • • • Fever Lethargic - standing/lying in the corner Coughing Nasal discharge Open mouth breathing Hyperemic muzzle (red nose)

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Bovine Viral Diarrhea
• Immunosuppressive • Associated with Mannheimia haemolytica

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Consequences of a PI
• Presence of PI in cattle feedyards adversely affects health and performance of pen-mates and cattle innearby pens
– 0.3% prevalence of PI in feedlot cattle – 2.6% of chronically ill and dead are PI – 15.9% of BRD attributed to PI exposure

• Beef cow herds with one or more PI calves present before breeding had a 5% lower subsequent pregnancy rate.
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Parainfluenza Type 3
• • • • • • Fever Cough Nasal discharge (snotty nose) Ocular discharge (runny eyes) Increased respiration Predisposes...