Modelo hofstede para méxico

Materia: Negociación y Estrategias de Comercio Internacional
Alumno: Ricardo Lara
Fecha: 13 de Septiembre del 2011

" Culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy. Cultural differences are a nuisance at best and often a disaster." Prof. Geert Hofstede, Emeritus Professor, Maastricht University.
Gerard Hendrik Hofstede es un influyente antropólogo y escritor holandés en elcampo de las relaciones entre culturas nacionales y entre culturas dentro de las organizaciones.
El trabajo de Hofstede mostró que hay agrupamientos culturales a nivel regional y nacional que afectan el comportamiento de las sociedades y organizaciones, y que son muy persistentes en el tiempo. Desarrolló el llamado Modelo de las Cinco Dimensiones para identificar los patrones culturales de cadagrupo, que se detallan en la siguiente tabla:
Power Distance Index (PDI) that is the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers asmuch as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society and anybody with some international experience will be aware that 'all societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others'.
Un puntaje más alto sugiere que hay expectativas de que algunos individuos tendrán mucho más poder que otros. Un puntaje bajo refleja la perspectiva de que lagente debe tener derechos iguales. Las naciones latinoamericanas y árabes están catalogadas como las más altas en esta categoría; las escandinavas y germánicas en las más bajas.
Individualism (IDV) on the one side versus its opposite, collectivism, that is the degree to which individuals are inte-grated into groups. On the individualist side we find societies in which the ties between individualsare loose: everyone is expected to look after him/herself and his/her immediate family. On the collectivist side, we find societies in which people from birth onwards are integrated into strong, cohesive in-groups, often extended families (with uncles, aunts and grandparents) which continue protecting them in exchange for unquestioning loyalty. The word 'collectivism' in this sense has nopolitical meaning: it refers to the group, not to the state. Again, the issue addressed by this dimension is an extremely fundamental one, regarding all societies in the world.
El individualismo es contrastado con el colectivismo, y se refiere al grado al que la gente espera valerse por sí misma o, alternativamente, actuar principalmente como miembro de un grupo u organización. Los Estados Unidos son lasociedad más individualista.
Masculinity (MAS) versus its opposite, femininity, refers to the distribution of roles between the genders which is another fundamental issue for any society to which a range of solutions are found. The IBM studies revealed that (a) women's values differ less among societies than men's values; (b) men's values from one country to another contain a dimension from veryassertive and competitive and maximally different from women's values on the one side, to modest and caring and similar to women's values on the other. The assertive pole has been called 'masculine' and the modest, caring pole 'feminine'. The women in feminine countries have the same modest, caring values as the men; in the masculine countries they are somewhat assertive and competitive, but notas much as the men, so that these countries show a gap between men's values and women's values.
Se refiere al valor asignado a los tradicionales roles de los géneros. Valores masculinos incluyen la competitividad, asertividad, ambición y la acumulación de riqueza y posesiones materiales. En una cultura femenina, hay más casos de mujeres en carreras tradicionalmente ocupadas por los hombres...