Modulo estudio ingles avanzado

MODULO 3A

Vocabulary 1. Linking ideas-contrast…………………………..………....Pág.2 2. Ways of speaking.………………………………………….Pág.11 3. Communications technology………………………......…Pág.24 4. The Natural world…………………………………………..Pág.33 5. Adjectives and prepositions………………………...…...Pág.43

Grammar

1. The future……………………….…......................................Pág.52 2. ReportedQuestions...………………………………....……….Pág.62 3. Obligation and necessity-must, need to….………………....Pág.70 4. Tag questions and reply questions…………………………..Pág.78

Communicating 1. Making conversation III-ending……………………………….Pág.84 2. Telephoning……………………………………………………..Pág.89 3. Everyday conversation………………………………………. Pág.94

Pronunciation……………………………………………………………………….….Pág.98

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The key points in this section are:
 linking ideas that contrast ideas -ways of contrasting ideas within sentences - ways of contrasting ideas between sentences our top 10 useful expressions that show contrast



Link words are conjunctions and connectors used to link two separate ideas together. Either from one sentence to another, or joining two pieces of information into the same sentence, and from one paragraph to another. We will look at some of theselinking devices and how they can be used to show contrast.

Link words that contrast ideas

Here are some common link words that we can use to contrast ideas within sentences. but / yet although whereas though while despite in spite of even though

But

But is the most common way of expressing contrast in English. Look at how we use it to join these two clauses: Clause one The EU Parliament hasapproved the use of new graphic pictures on cigarette packets.  Clause two Some ministers have rejected the move as going too far.

The European Parliament has approved the use of graphic pictures on cigarette packs, but some ministers have rejected the move as going too far.

 Note the use of commas to divide the two clauses.
More examples:    I know who you are, but I just can’tremember your name. He’s lived here for months now, but he’s still never met any of his neighbours. That’s awful, but this one’s nice.

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Yet

In more formal or written English, but can be substituted for yet:  The European Parliament has approved the use of graphic pictures on cigarette packs, yet some ministers have rejected the move as going too far.

More examples:    He’s lived herefor over twenty-five years and yet he still can’t speak the language. I don’t understand; I studied hard, yet I didn’t pass the exam. He’s an awful gossip, yet he’s very likeable.

Whereas / while

These contrasters are used in more formal or written English to introduce a contrasting opinion or situation. Contrasting opinion: Clause one Henrietta believes that smoking should be banned in allpublic places.  Clause two George thinks that people have a right to smoke where and when they please.

Henrietta believes that smoking should be banned in all public places, whereas / while George thinks that people have the right to smoke where and when they please.

 Note that you can place these contrasters at the beginning of the two clauses without altering the meaning or having tochange the order of the two clauses:  Whereas / While Henrietta believes that smoking should be banned in all public places, George thinks that people have the right to smoke where and when they please.

Contrasting Situation: Clause one The Conservative party privatised much of the public health sector.  Clause two The Labour party is spending more money on public health.

Whereas / while theConservative party privatised much of the public health sector, the Labour party is spending more money on public health.

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 Note the use of commas to divide the two clauses.
Although / though / even though

These all have, more or less, the same meaning: However, there are differences in their usage that should be noted. First, lets look at examples of...