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Module 3
Past continuous/progressive
Form
Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb (continuous form)

  | Positive | Negative | Question |
I / he / she / it | I was speaking. | I was not speaking. | Was I speaking? |
you / we / they | You were speaking. | You were not speaking. | Were you speaking? |
Exceptions in Spelling

Exceptions in spelling when adding ing | Example |
final e is dropped(but: ee is not changed) | come – coming
(but: agree – agreeing) |
after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled | sit – sitting |
l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled (in British English) | travel – travelling |
final ie becomes y | lie – lying |

Use of Past Progressive

* puts emphasis on the course of an action in the past
Example: He was playing football.* two actions happening at the same time (in the past)
Example: While she was preparing dinner, he was washing the dishes.
* action going on at a certain time in the past
Example: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Signal Words of Past Progressive

* When, While, As long as

While / When
WHEN |
When is complemented by a clause with an activity that 1) isa short interruption, 2) occurs at nearly the same time or shortly after another activity.   A nonprogressive verb form is commonly used (short duration). |
  When you called, he was watching his baby. 
(short interruption; "at the moment")

  |
  When you called, he picked up his cell phone. 
(series of events; "immediately after")
  |

WHILE |
While is complemented by a clausewith a same-time activity and includes a verb expressing duration. The while-clause often expresses a background activity to a main activity which is the focus. |
While he was talking, he was holding his baby. 
(ongoing; "during the time")

  |
While he was talking, his baby slept.
(ongoing; "during the time")
|
|
When vs. While
Clauses are groups of words which have meaning, but areoften not complete sentences. Some clauses begin with the word "when" such as "when she called" or "when it bit me." Other clauses begin with "while" such as "while she was sleeping" and "while he was surfing." When you talk about things in the past, "when" is most often followed by the verb tense Simple Past, whereas "while" is usually followed by Past Continuous. "While" expresses the idea of"during that time." Study the examples below. They have similar meanings, but they emphasize different parts of the sentence.
As conjunctions, when and while both mean ‘during the time that’ or ‘at the same time as’ and can sometimes be used interchangeably:
(1)    When/while I was cooking, I heard a knock on the door.
(2)    She lived in the dorms when/while she was a student. 
 While is alwaysa better choice to talk about actions that are (or were) taking place at a specific point of time in the present or past (therefore used in the Present Progressive/Continuous and Past Progressive/Continuous tenses:
(3)    He tripped over someone’s foot while he was carrying the tray.
(4)    While the sun is shining here, it’s raining up in the north.
(5)    While I was waiting for the bus, twoteenagers were smoking right in front of me.

Wh- Questions

STRUCTURE

WH questions in simple present use “do” or “be”:

WH Questions with "do"

WH   +   DO/DOES   +   SUBJECT    +   VERB

Examples:       
* Where do you work?
* When do you wake up?

WH Questions with "be"

WH   +   BE    +    SUBJECT

Examples:        
* Where are you from?
* Who is that man?WH Questions are similar to  YES/NO questions except they 
have WH words at the start.

Examples:
* Are you from Canada?
* Where are you from?

Here are some example questions and answers:
* Where are you from?
* I am from Japan.
* What is your name?
* My name is Jacob.
We use question words to ask certain types of questions. We often refer to them as WH words...