Personaje De Harry Potter Con E

Teen Pregnancy
Introduction:
Teenage pregnancy refers to pregnancy in a female under the age of 20 (when the pregnancy ends). A pregnancy can take place at any time before or after puberty, with menarche (first menstrual period) normally taking place around the ages 12 or 13, and being the stage at which a female becomes potentially fertile. Teenage pregnancy depends on a number of societal andpersonal factors. Teenage pregnancy rates vary between countries because of differences in levels of sexual activity, general sex education provided and access to affordable contraceptive options. Worldwide, teenage pregnancy rates range from 143 per 1000 in some sub-Saharan African countries to 2.9 per 1000 in South Korea.[1][2] Pregnant teenagers face many of the same obstetrics issues as womenin their 20s and 30s. There are however, additional medical concerns for mothers age 14 or younger.[3] For mothers between 15 and 19, risks are associated more with socioeconomic factors than with the biological effects of age.[4] However research has shown that the risk of low birth weight is connected to the biological age itself, as it was observed in teen births even after controlling forother risk factors (such as utilisation of antenatal care etc.).[5][6] In developed countries, teenage pregnancies are associated with many social issues, including lower educational levels, higher rates of poverty, and other poorer life outcomes in children of teenage mothers. Teenage pregnancy in developed countries is usually outside of marriage, and carries a social stigma in many communities andcultures. Many studies and campaigns have attempted to uncover the causes and limit the numbers of teenage pregnancies.[7] Among OECD developed countries, the United States and United Kingdom have the highest level of teenage pregnancy, while Japan and South Korea have the lowest (2001) Teenage pregnancy rates
Development:
In reporting teenage pregnancy rates, the number of pregnancies per1,000 females aged 15 to 19 when the pregnancy ends is generally used.[10] According to a 2001 UNICEF survey, in 10 out of 12 developed nations with available data, more than two thirds of young people have had sexual intercourse while still in their teens. In Denmark, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Norway, the United Kingdom and the United States, the proportion is over 80%. In Australia, the UnitedKingdom and the United States, approximately 25% of 15 year olds and 50% of 17 year olds have had sex.[2] In a 2005 Kaiser Family Foundation study of US teenagers, 29% of teens reported feeling pressure to have sex, 33% of sexually active teens reported "being in a relationship where they felt things were moving too fast sexually", and 24% had "done something sexual they didn’t really want todo".[11] Several polls have indicated peer pressure as a factor in encouraging both girls and boys to have sex.[12][13] The increased sexual activity among adolescents is manifested in increased teenage pregnancies and an increase in sexually transmitted diseases. The rates of teenage pregnancy vary and range from 143 per 1,000 women in some sub-Saharan African countries to 2.9 per 1000 in SouthKorea.[1][2]
Care must also be taken of the common actual marriage age in different countries, as in countries where teenage marriages are common can expect to also experience higher levels of teenage pregnancies. In an attempt to reverse the increasing numbers of teenage pregnancies, governments in many Western countries have instituted sex education programs, the main objective of which is to reducesuch pregnancies and STDs.
Save the Children found that, annually, 13 million children are born to women under age 20 worldwide, more than 90% in developing countries. Complications of pregnancy and childbirth are the leading cause of mortality among women between the ages of 15 and 19 in such areas.[3] The highest rate of teenage pregnancy in the world is in sub-Saharan Africa, where women tend...