Perspectives In Modern Psychology

Perspectives in Modern Psychology

While a few different schools of thought dominated the early years of psychology, the number of topics studied by psychologists has grown dramatically since theearly 1960s. Today, few psychologists identify their outlook according to a particular school of thought. While you may still find some pure behaviorists or psychoanalysts, the majority ofpsychologists instead categorize their work according to their specialty area and perspective.
Every topic in psychology can be looked at in a number of different ways. For example, let’s consider the subjectof aggression. Someone who emphasizes a biological perspective would look at the how the brain and nervous system impact aggressive behavior. A professional who stresses a behavioral perspective wouldlook at how environmental variables reinforce aggressive actions. Another psychologist who utilizes a cross-cultural approach might consider how cultural and social influences contribute to aggressiveor violent behaviors.
The following are just a few of the major perspectives in modern psychology.
The Biological Perspective
The study of physiology played a major role in the development ofpsychology as a separate science. Today, this perspective is known as biological psychology. Sometimes referred to as biopsychology or physiological psychology, this perspective emphasizes the physicaland biological bases of behavior.
This perspective has grown significantly over the last few decades, especially with advances in our ability to explore and understand the human brain and nervoussystem. Tools such as MRI scans and PET scans allow researchers to look at the brain under a variety of conditions. Scientists can now look at the effects of brain damage, drugs, and disease in ways thatwere simply not possible in the past.
The Behavioral Perspective
Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behaviors. While behaviorism dominated psychology early in the...