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Deep Injection Well Disposal

Did you know?
• According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), as of 2010, there are about 144,000 Class II (deep) injection wells in the country?What are deep injection wells?
These deep, subsurface wells— also known as Class II injection wells— are drilled into
porous formations of limestone or sandstone. Often these wells have beendrilled specifically for injection disposal, however, some are exploratory wells that never produced or were once active but now no longer producing natural gas or oil.

Class II injection wells range to13,000 feet in depth. All injection wells are strictly regulated in Ohio by the Ohio Department of Natural Resources (ODNR), Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management and U.S. EPA.

Safetyfirst!
Class II injection well disposal is the safest, most environmentally friendly method of disposal and has been used in Ohio since the 1960s. According to the U.S. EPA, it is the best way to ensurethat underground sources of drinking water are not contaminated by the fluids produced from the drilling, stimulation, and production of oil and gas.

What is being injected into these deep wells?The natural gas and oil drilling process creates oilfield wastes, often referred to as brine, fracturing fluid or flowback. It is this waste which is transported from drilling sites and injected intoClass II wells.

How is our groundwater protected during disposal?
Class II injection wells require three layers of protective steel piping and cement, which safeguards underground water aquifers.The injection zone is always below a layer of impermeable rock or clay, which keeps the fluids trapped deep in the porous formations below.

All aspects of the drilling and construction of Class IIwells and surface casing are witnessed by an inspector. After deep injection begins, inspectors continue to monitor the well on a regular basis for mechanical integrity until the well is no longer...