prevencion

Emergencias
Químicas

Historia de Emergencias Químicas
Una serie de eventos
catastroficos con
emisiones de productos
quimicos que
produjeron incendios,
explosiones y muertos
que ocurrieron
principalmente en
plantas quimicas en el
mundo.

Historia de Emergencias Químicas
La prevencion de accidentes químicos tiene por
objetivo prevenir o minimizar las consecuencias
catastroficasdel mal manejo de productos quimicos
que pueden ser :
- Toxicos,
Reactivos,
Inflamables,
Explosivos
Etc.

Estos accidentes pueden resular en grandes riesgos de
intoxicaciones, incendios y explosiones.
Un gran numero de accidentes catastroficos han
ocurrido resultando grandes perdidas de vidas y daños
a la propiedad.

Explosion Nitrato de Amonio
Oppau, Alemania – Sept. 21, 1921La foto muestra el crater y la destrucción en la planta. A las 7:30 a.m. en September 21,
1921, dos poderosas explosiones occurrieron en la plant BASF en Oppau, Alemania.
Sustancia Peligrosas: Sulfato de Amonio & Nitrato de amonio (50/50)
Tipo de Industria :manufactura de fertilizante
Muertos: 430-530

Explosion Nitrato de Amonio
Texas City, Texas – April 16, 1947

Esta fotografía aeria, que muestra la zona sur de la Monsanto Chemical Co., fue tomada cerca
de 30 minutoes despues de la explosión del barco S. S. GRANDCAMP durante la carga de
nitrato de amonio . El accidente daño mas del 90% de los edificios de la ciudad y mato a cerca
de 600 personas.
Source: Fire Prevention And Engineering Bureau Of Texas

Explosion Nitrato de Amonio
Toulouse, France – Septiembre, 21 2001Accidente ocurrió exactamente 80 años despues del
Desastre de Oppau, Alemania!

A huge explosion ripped through AZF (Azote de France) fertilizer factory in an industrial zone on the outskirts of
Toulouse, southwest of France, at 10:15 am, Friday September 21, 2001. Immediately after the accident, 30 people
were reported dead The total number of injuries was said to be 2,442. More than 350people were in the plant at the
time (266 AZF employees and 100 subcontractors).
The explosion had occurred in a warehouse in which granular ammonium nitrate was stored flat, separated by
partitions. The amount is said to be between 200 to 300 metric tons of ammonium nitrate, which is used to make
fertilizers. A spokesman for the Interior Ministry in Paris ruled out a criminal attack, sayingthe explosion had been
caused by an accident following an "incident in the handling of products". The exact cause remains unknown.
Source: United Nations Environment Programme

Mayores accidentes Químicos
1974 - 2001

Source: Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center of the University of Pennsylvania.

Seveso, Italy - 1976

The Seveso accident happened in 1976 at a chemicalplant manufacturing pesticides and herbicides. A
dense vapor cloud containing tetrachlorodibenzoparadioxin (TCDD – dioxin) was released from a
reactor, used for the production of trichlorofenol.
Commonly known as dioxin, this was a poisonous and carcinogenic by-product of an uncontrolled
exothermic reaction. Although no immediate fatalities were reported, kilogram quantities of the
substancelethal to man even in microgram doses were widely dispersed which resulted in an
immediate contamination of some ten square miles of land and vegetation.
More than 600 people had to be evacuated from their homes and as many as 2,000 were treated for
dioxin poisoning. This lead to the European “Seveso Directive” to try to prevent similar incidents.

Cyclohexane Release & ExplosionFlixborough, England – June 1, 1974

20” bypass piping fabricated on-site from
shop stock. This pipe ruptured and
released cyclohexane which exploded.
Source: UK Health and Safety Executive, Hazardous Installations Directorate

On June 1, 1974 the Nypro Co. site at Flixborough, England was severely damaged by a
large explosion. Twenty-eight workers were killed and a further 36 suffered injuries....