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Oil Containment1
8.1

Oil-Filled Equipment in Substation
[IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)] .................................................. 8-2
Large Oil-Filled Equipment • Cables • Mobile
Equipment • Oil-Handling Equipment • Oil Storage
Tanks • Other Sources

8.2
8.3

Anne-Marie Sahazizian
Hydro One Networks Inc.

Tibor KerteszHydro One Networks Inc.

8.4

Spill Risk Assessment ......................................................... 8-3
Containment Selection Consideration
[IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)] .................................................. 8-4
Oil Spill Prevention Techniques........................................ 8-5
Containment Systems • Discharge Control Systems
[IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)] • WarningAlarms and Monitoring
[IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)]

References .................................................................................... 8-15

Containment and control of oil spills at electric supply substations is a concern for most electric utilities.
The environmental impact of oil spills and their cleanup is governed by several federal, state, and local
regulations, necessitatingincreased attention in substations to the need for secondary oil containment,
and a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plan. Beyond the threat to the environment,
cleanup costs associated with oil spills could be significant, and the adverse community response to any
spill is becoming increasingly unacceptable.
The probability of an oil spill occurring in a substation is very low.However, certain substations, due to
their proximity to navigable waters or designated wetlands, the quantity of oil on site, surrounding topography, soil characteristics, etc., have or will have a higher potential for discharging harmful quantities of oil
into the environment. At minimum, an SPCC plan will probably be required at these locations, and installation of secondary oil-containmentfacilities might be the right approach to mitigate the problem.
Before an adequate spill prevention plan is prepared and a containment system is devised, the engineer
must first be thoroughly aware of the requirements included in the federal, state, and local regulations.
The federal requirements of the U.S. for discharge, control, and countermeasure plans for oil spills
are contained in the Codeof Federal Regulations, Title 40 (40CFR), Parts 110 and 112. The above
regulations only apply if the facility meets the following conditions:
1. Facilities with above-ground storage capacities greater than 2500 l (approximately 660 gal) in a
single container or 5000 l (approximately 1320 gal) in aggregate storage, or
2. Facilities with a total storage capacity greater than 159,000 l(approximately 42,000 gal) of buried
oil storage, or
1Sections of this chapter reprinted from IEEE Std. 980-1994 (R2001), IEEE Guide for Containment and Control of
Oil Spills in Substations, 1995, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE). The IEEE disclaims any
responsibility or liability resulting from the placement and use in the described manner. Information is reprinted
withpermission of the IEEE.

0-8493-1703-7/03/$0.00+$1.50
© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

© 2003 by CRC Press LLC

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Electric Power Substations Engineering

3. Any facility which has spilled more than 3786 l (1000 gal) of oil in a single event or spilled oil in
two events occurring within a 12-month period, and
4. Facilitieswhich, due to their location, could reasonably be expected to discharge oil into or upon
the navigable waters of the U.S. or its adjoining shorelines.
In other countries, applicable governmental regulations will cover the above requirements.

8.1 Oil-Filled Equipment in Substation [IEEE 980-1994 (R2001)]
A number of electrical apparatus installed in substations are filled with oil that provides...