Psicología

Saint Valentine's Day, often simply Valentine's Day,[1][2][3] is observed on February 14 each year. Today Valentine's Day is celebrated in many countries around the world, mostly in theWest, although it remains a working day in all of them.
The original "St. Valentine" was just a liturgical celebration of one or more early Christian saint named Valentinus. All the modern romantic connotationswere added several centuries later by poets. Several martyrdom stories were invented for the various Valentines that belonged to 14th February, and added to later martyrologies. This celebration was deleted from the General Roman Calendar of saints in 1969 by Pope Paul VI.
The day first became associated with romantic love in the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the High Middle Ages, when thetradition of courtly love flourished. By the 15th century, it had evolved into an occasion in which lovers expressed their love for each other by presenting flowers, offeringconfectionery, and sending greeting cards (known as "valentines").[1][3]
Modern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shaped outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Since the 19th century, handwritten valentines havegiven way to mass-producedgreeting cards.[4]
Contents  [hide]  * 1 Saint Valentine * 1.1 Historical facts * 1.2 Legends * 2 Attested traditions * 2.1 Lupercalia * 2.2 Chaucer's love birds * 2.3 Medieval period and the English Renaissance * 2.4 Modern times * 3 Antique and vintage Valentines, 1850–1950 * 3.1 Valentines of the mid-19th and early 20thcenturies * 3.2 Postcards, "pop-ups", and mechanical Valentines, circa 1900–1930 * 3.3 Children's Valentines * 4 Similar days celebrating love * 4.1 In the West * 4.1.1 Europe * 4.1.2 Latin America * 4.2 East Asia * 4.2.1 Japan * 4.2.2 Similar Asian traditions * 4.3 India * 4.4 Middle East * 5 Conflict with Islamic countries and politicalparties * 5.1 Saudi Arabia * 5.2 Pakistan * 5.3 Iran * 5.4 Malaysia * 6 See also * 7 References * 8 Related information |
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[edit]Saint Valentine
For more details on this topic, see Saint Valentine.
[edit]Historical facts
Numerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine.[5] The Valentines honored on February 14are Valentine of Rome (Valentinus presb. m. Romae) and Valentine of Terni (Valentinus ep. Interamnensis m. Romae).[6] Valentine of Rome[7] was a priest in Rome who was martyred about AD 269 and was buried on the Via Flaminia. The flower crowned skull[8] of St Valentine is exhibited in the Basilica of Santa Maria in Cosmedin, Rome. Other relics are found in the Basilica of Santa Prassede,[9] also inRome, as well as at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Churchin Dublin, Ireland.
Valentine of Terni[10] became bishop of Interamna (modern Terni) about AD 197 and is said to have been martyred during the persecution under Emperor Aurelian. He is also buried on the Via Flaminia, but in a different location than Valentine of Rome. His relics are at the Basilica of Saint Valentine in Terni (Basilica di SanValentino).[11]
The Catholic Encyclopedia also speaks of a third saint named Valentine who was mentioned in early martyrologies under date of February 14. He was martyred in Africa with a number of companions, but nothing more is known about him.[12]
No romantic elements are present in the original early medieval biographies of either of these martyrs. By the time a Saint Valentine becamelinked to romance in the 14th century, distinctions between Valentine of Rome and Valentine of Terni were utterly lost.[13]
Saint Valentine's head was preserved in the abbey of New Minster, Winchester and venerated. But there is no evidence that Saint Valentine was a popular saint before Chaucer's poems in 14th century, not even in the area of Winchester.[14] Saint Valentine's celebration didn't...