Santo tomas de aquino ingles.

QUESTION 92.

On the effects of law.

Is the effect of law to make human beings good?

It seems that it does not belong to law to make human beings good.

• Virtue makes human beings good------ human beings have virtue only from god = it does not belong to law to make human beings good.

• Law benefits human if they obey law--------goodness causes human being to obey law= humanbeings first need goodness in order to obey law.

• Law is for the common good--------but some disposed regarding their own good are well disposed regarding what belongs to the common good = it does not belong to law to make human beings good.

• Some laws are tyrannical----- but a tyrant strives for his own good, not the good of his subjects = it does not belong to law to make humanbeings good.

There are three kinds of human acts, some human acts are good by their nature, that is, virtuous. And laws are supposed to prescribe or command such acts, since “laws command every kind of virtuous act,” as the ethics says.

Some human acts are evil by the nature, that is, vicious. And laws are supposed to forbid such acts.

But fear to punishment is what law makes use toinduce obedience, and we in this respect posit punishment as an effect of law.

QUESTION 93.

On the eternal law.

Is the eternal law a supreme plan in god?

• It seems that the eternal law is not a supreme plan in god.

• There’s only one eternal law-----but there are many nature of things in the mind of god= the eternal law is not the same as the plan In his mind

• We speakof the word as a person but we speak of we speak of the divine plan as belonging to God essentially = the eternal law is not the same as the divine plan.

• We perceive that there is a law superior to our minds, a law we call truth, but the law superior to our minds is the eternal law, but the nature of truth is not the same as the nature of a plan= the eternal law is not the same as asupreme plan .

Do all know the Eternal Law?

• The apostle says: “Only the spirit of god knows the thing proper to god”. But the eternal law is a plan in god´s mind. = no one but God knows the eternal law.

• “the eternal law is that by wich it ois right that all the things be most orderly” but not everybody kwons how all things are most orderly. = not everybody knows the eternal law.• “Human beings cannot judge regarding the eternal law” but “everyone judges rightly about things one knows. = we don’t know the eternal law.

Augustine said: “knowledge of the eternal law is imprinted on us”. = we can know things in two ways: in one way in themselves; in a second way in their effects which are like the things. So people know more or less of the eternal law.

Is everylaw derived from the Eternal Law?

• There is a law of concupiscence, but that law is not derived from divine law that is eternal law. = not every law comes from the eternal law.

• Nothing evil comes from the eternal law, but some laws are evil. = not every law comes from the eternal law.

• Laws prescribed for ruling a people rightly permit many things that divine providencepunishes.= not every law comes from the eternal law.

Are necessary and Eternal Things subject to the Eternal Law?

• The eternal law is the divine plan = God´s will is subject to the eternal law. But God´s will is eternal. = eternal and necessary things are subject to the eternal law.

• Everything subject of a King is a subject to the king´s law. But the son since the son will handover the kingdom to the father. = the son, who is eternal, is subject to the eternal law.

• The eternal law is the plan of divine providence but there are many necessary things subject to divine providence. = even necessary things are subject to the eternal law.

Are all human affairs subject to the eternal law?

• If the spirit guides you, you are not under the law; those led by...