Sensores

Introduccion

Sensors integrated into structures, machinery, and the environment, coupled with the efficient delivery
of sensed information, could provide tremendous benefits to society. Potential benefits include: fewer
catastrophic failures, conservation of natural resources, improved manufacturing productivity, im-
proved emergency response, and enhanced homeland security [1]. However,barriers to the widespread
use of sensors in structures and machines remain. Bundles of lead wires and fiber optic “tails” are
subject to breakage and connector failures. Long wire bundles represent a significant installation and
long term maintenance cost, limiting the number of sensors that may be deployed, and therefore reduc-
ing the overall quality of the data reported. Wireless sensing networkscan eliminate these costs, easing
installation and eliminating connectors.

The ideal wireless sensor is networked and scaleable, consumes very little power, is smart and software
programmable, capable of fast data acquisition, reliable and accurate over the long term, costs little to
purchase and install, and requires no real maintenance.

Selecting the optimum sensors and wirelesscommunications link requires knowledge of the
application and problem definition. Battery life, sensor update rates, and size are all major design con-
siderations. Examples of low data rate sensors include temperature, humidity, and peak strain captured
passively. Examples of high data rate sensors include strain, acceleration, and vibration.

Recent advances have resulted in the ability tointegrate sensors, radio communications, and digital
electronics into a single integrated circuit (IC) package. This capability is enabling networks of very
low cost sensors that are able to communicate with each other using low power wireless data routing
protocols. A wireless sensor network (WSN) generally consists of a basestation (or “gateway”) that
can communicate with a number of wirelesssensors via a radio link. Data is collected at the wireless
sensor node, compressed, and transmitted to the gateway directly or, if required, uses other wireless
sensor nodes to forward data to the gateway. The transmitted data is then presented to the system by the
gateway connection. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a brief technical introduction to wireless
sensor networks and present afew applications in which wireless sensor networks are enabling.

/What is wireless network sensors?

A type of wireless networking which is comprised on number of numerous sensors and they are interlinked or connected with each other for performing the same function collectively or cooperatively for the sake of checking and balancing the environmental factors. This type of networking iscalled as Wireless sensor networking. Basically wireless sensor networking is used for monitoring the physical conditions such as weather conditions, regularity of temperature, different kinds of vibrations and also deals in the field of technology related to sound

How wireless sensor network works?

Total working of wireless sensor networking is based on its construction. Sensor networkinitially consists of small or large nodes called as sensor nodes. These nodes are varying in size and totally depend on the size because different sizes of sensor nodes work efficiently in different fields. Wireless sensor networking have such sensor nodes which are specially designed in such a typical way that they have a microcontroller which controls the monitoring, a radio transceiver forgenerating radio waves, different type of wireless communicating devices and also equipped with an energy source such as battery. The entire network worked simultaneously by using different dimensions of sensors and worked on the phenomenon of multi routing algorithm which is also termed as wireless ad hoc networking.

Wireless Sensor Networks Architecture

There are a number of different topologies...