Tecnologías De La Información
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Publicado: 17 de febrero de 2013
APLICACIÓN DE LAS TECNOLOGÍAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN
GUÍA DE ESTUDIO PARA EXAMEN FINAL
I. Complete the next sentences:
1. A computer is ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. There are two basic types of computers: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Hardware consists of __________________________________________________
4. Software (programs) consists of _________________________________________
5. The most common units of measure for memory are the byte, __________________, _________________, ___________________, and ______________________.
6. This number system works the same way as thedecimal system, except that it has only two available symbols (0 and 1): ______________________________________________________________________
II. Study these concepts:
1. The operating system tells the computer how to interact with the user and how to use the hardware devices attached to the computer.
2. A network server is a powerful personal computer that is used as the central computerin an organization’s network.
3. Mainframes are powerful, special-purpose computers that can support the needs of hundreds or thousands of users.
4. Minicomputers support dozens or hundreds of users at one time.
5. Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computers made.
6. Data can be text, numbers, sounds, and images that the computer manipulates.
7. Read-only memory (ROM)is another important type of memory, which holds instructions that help the computer start up and information about its hardware.
8. The processor, or CPU, carries out instructions from the user and software.
9. Computer data is reduced to binary numbers because computer processing is Performed by transistors that have only two possible states: on and off.
10. The amount of RAM canaffect speed because the CPU can keep more of the active program and data in memory, which is faster than storage on disk.
11. The internet is a global network of interconnected networks that was created for the U.S. Department of Defence as a tool for communications.
12. The World Wide Web is one of the services available through the internet.
13. The e-mail is more commonly used thanthe Web, even though it is not real-time communications medium.
14. File transfer Protocol (FTP) is the internet tool used to copy files from one computer to another.
15. A bit is a single unit of data is called .
16. Eight bits make up one byte.
17. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a volatile (or temporary ) memory. Programs and data can be written to and erased from this meory asneeded.
18. An operating system: is software system that acts as a master control program, controlling the hardware and interacting with the user and application software.
19. An operating system performs the following functions:
* Displays the on-screen elements with which you interact - the user interface.
* Loads programs into the Computer’s memory so that you can use them.
*Coordinates how programs work with the Computer’s hardware and other software.
* Manages the way information is stored on and retrieved from disks.
20. A utility is a program that extends or enhances the operating system’s capability. It may add a new capability to the operating system.
21. Your Web browser may provide tools for managing cookies, but a cookie-management utility will offer moreoptions for identifying and removing unwanted cookies from your PC.
22. File compression technology is used to shrink the size of files so that they take up less disk space.
23. By using compression utilities, you can shrink multiple files into a single archive file. Some utilities enable you to compress the entire contents of a hard disk.
24. A network is a way to connect computers for...
GUÍA DE ESTUDIO PARA EXAMEN FINAL
I. Complete the next sentences:
1. A computer is ________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
2. There are two basic types of computers: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Hardware consists of __________________________________________________
4. Software (programs) consists of _________________________________________
5. The most common units of measure for memory are the byte, __________________, _________________, ___________________, and ______________________.
6. This number system works the same way as thedecimal system, except that it has only two available symbols (0 and 1): ______________________________________________________________________
II. Study these concepts:
1. The operating system tells the computer how to interact with the user and how to use the hardware devices attached to the computer.
2. A network server is a powerful personal computer that is used as the central computerin an organization’s network.
3. Mainframes are powerful, special-purpose computers that can support the needs of hundreds or thousands of users.
4. Minicomputers support dozens or hundreds of users at one time.
5. Supercomputers are the largest and most powerful computers made.
6. Data can be text, numbers, sounds, and images that the computer manipulates.
7. Read-only memory (ROM)is another important type of memory, which holds instructions that help the computer start up and information about its hardware.
8. The processor, or CPU, carries out instructions from the user and software.
9. Computer data is reduced to binary numbers because computer processing is Performed by transistors that have only two possible states: on and off.
10. The amount of RAM canaffect speed because the CPU can keep more of the active program and data in memory, which is faster than storage on disk.
11. The internet is a global network of interconnected networks that was created for the U.S. Department of Defence as a tool for communications.
12. The World Wide Web is one of the services available through the internet.
13. The e-mail is more commonly used thanthe Web, even though it is not real-time communications medium.
14. File transfer Protocol (FTP) is the internet tool used to copy files from one computer to another.
15. A bit is a single unit of data is called .
16. Eight bits make up one byte.
17. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a volatile (or temporary ) memory. Programs and data can be written to and erased from this meory asneeded.
18. An operating system: is software system that acts as a master control program, controlling the hardware and interacting with the user and application software.
19. An operating system performs the following functions:
* Displays the on-screen elements with which you interact - the user interface.
* Loads programs into the Computer’s memory so that you can use them.
*Coordinates how programs work with the Computer’s hardware and other software.
* Manages the way information is stored on and retrieved from disks.
20. A utility is a program that extends or enhances the operating system’s capability. It may add a new capability to the operating system.
21. Your Web browser may provide tools for managing cookies, but a cookie-management utility will offer moreoptions for identifying and removing unwanted cookies from your PC.
22. File compression technology is used to shrink the size of files so that they take up less disk space.
23. By using compression utilities, you can shrink multiple files into a single archive file. Some utilities enable you to compress the entire contents of a hard disk.
24. A network is a way to connect computers for...
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