Tesis

TEACHERS COURSE |
GRAMMAR BOOK |
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Adriana Paola Trujillo Chávez. |
August 2009- June 2010 |
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DEDICATORY

To my mother, because she was the one who encouraged me to study English when I was little. I do not regret her love and support.
To my father, because he used to take me to English classes when I was younger and he supported me in everything.
Also to mysister because she used to help me in my homework and especially with words that I didn´t know. Thanks sisi.

A special thanks to my class mattes through out my life, ‘cause I remember each one of them and the unforgettable moments.
Thanks too to all of my teachers who taught me English since the beginning and had patience with me. Thanks to all of them.

Paola

INTRODUCTION

In this book youcan find an easy and complete way to find grammar topics such as: nouns, pronouns, prepositions, adjectives, tenses, verbs, adverbs, etc.
Also you can find a complete list of regular and irregular verbs with each meaning in Spanish.
This grammar book is not only for students, but also for teachers.

ADDITIONAL
GRAMMAR


ADDITIONAL GRAMMAR

CONDITIONALS

Theconditional tense says that an action is reliant on something else. The two most common conditionals are real and unreal; they are sometimes called if-clauses.
The real conditional describes situations based on fact.
The unreal conditional describes unreal or imaginary situations.
There is also what we call the 3rd conditional, used to express no possibility of something having happened in thepast, and the 0 conditional, used to express absolute certainty.
* The real conditional or first conditional is used to express situations based on fact in the present or future (things which may happen).
Uses the simple present tense:-
Formation:
(IF Clause) | (Main Clause) |
If I see you tomorrow, | I will buy you a drink. |
or...
(Main Clause) | (IF Clause) |
I will buy you adrink | if I see you tomorrow. |

We often use unless which means 'if ... not'.
Formation:
(IF Clause) | (Main Clause) |
Unless you hand in your homework, | I won't mark it. |
means |
If you don't hand in your homework, | I won't mark it. |
or...
(Main Clause) | (IF Clause) |
I won't mark your homework | unless you hand it in. |
means |
I won't mark your homework | if youdon't hand it in. |

Note: We never use will, or won't in the if clause.

* The 2nd conditional is used to express unreal situations in the present or future. Often used to express a wish.
Uses the simple past tense:-
Formation:
(IF Clause) | (Main Clause) |
If I won the lottery, | I would buy a new house. |
or...

(Main Clause) | (IF Clause) |
I would buy a new house | if I wonthe lottery. |
Note: We never use would, or wouldn't in the if clause.
For example:
* If I were you, I wouldn't do that. = I wouldn't do that, if I were you. (I am not you - therefore the condition is unreal).
* If I had more time, I would do more on my websites. = I would do more on my websites, if I had more time. (I don't have more time - therefore the condition is unreal).
*The 3rd conditional is used to express conditions in the past that did not happen. Often used to express criticism or regret with would have, could have or should have.
Uses the past perfect tense:-
Formation:
(IF Clause) | (Main Clause) |
If I had worked harder, | I would have passed my exam. |
If I had worked harder, | I could have passed my exam. |
If I had worked harder, | I shouldhave passed my exam. |
or...
(Main Clause) | (IF Clause) |
I would have passed my exam | if I had worked harder. |
I could have passed my exam | if I had worked harder. |
I should have passed my exam | if I had worked harder. |
Note: We never use would have, or wouldn't have etc in the if clause.
For example:
* If I hadn't helped you, you would have failed. = You would have...