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NOUNS
TYPES OF NOUNS:
* Proper Nouns
Proper nouns are nouns that refer to specific entities. Name specific people, places o things.
Examples:
Atlantic Ocean, Walt Disney, Minnesota
* Common Nouns:
Common nouns refer to general, unspecific categories of entities. Name people, places or things that are not specific.
Examples:
Man, country, cat.
* Abstract Nouns:
More ethereal,theoretical concepts use abstract nouns to refer to them. Name nouns that you can’t perceive with your five sense.
Examples:
Happiness, religion, history.
* Concrete Nouns:
Concrete nouns are nouns that can be touched, smelled, seen, felt, or tasted. Name nouns that you can perceive with your five senses
Examples:
Uncle Mike, ocean, dog.
* Countable Nouns:
To linguists, these countnouns can occur in both single and plural forms, can be modified by numerals, and can co-occur with quantificational determiners like many, most, more, several, etc. Name nouns that you can count.
Examples:
Phone, book, movie.
* Uncountable Nouns or Mass Nouns:
Conversely, some nouns are not countable and are called uncountable nouns or mass nouns. Name nouns that you can’t count.Examples:
Milk, rain, snow.
* Compound Nouns:
Are made up of two or more words.
Examples:
Photograph, New York, eyeglasses.
* Collective Nouns:
In general, collective nouns are nouns that refer to a group of something in a specific manner. Often, collective nouns are used to refer to groups of animals.
Examples:
Bunch, audience, team.
SINGULAR AND PLURAL NUONS:
* Singular NounDefinition:
When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular.
Examples:
Boy, girl, book, church, box
* Plural Noun Definition:
When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural.
Examples:
Boys, girls, books, churches
Rule #1
The plural of nouns is usually formed by adding - s to a singular noun.
Examples:
Lamp | Lamps |
Cat | Cats |
Fork | Forks |
Flower |Flowers |
Pen | Pens |
Rule #2
Nouns ending in s, z, x, sh, and ch form the plural by adding - es.
Examples:
Moss | Mosses |
Buzz | Buzzes |
Box | Boxes |
Dish | Dishes |
Church | Churches |

Special Note:
If you add - s to such nouns as fox, bush, and bench, you will find that you cannot pronounce them without making an additional syllable. This is why such nouns form the plural byadding - es.
Rule #3
Nouns ending in - y preceded by a consonant is formed into a plural by changing - y to - ies.
Examples:
Lady | Ladies |
City | Cities |
Army | Armies |

Rule #4
Nouns ending in y preceded by a vowel form their plurals by adding - s.
Examples:
Boy | Boys |
Day | Days |

Rule #5
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a consonant is formed into a pluralby adding es.
Examples:
Hero | Heroes |
Grotto | Grottoes |

Special Note:
Most nouns ending in o preceded by a vowel is formed into a plural by adding - s.
Examples:
Folio | Folios |
Cameo | Cameos |
Studio | Studios |
Portfolio | Portfolios |

Rule #6
Some nouns ending in f or fe are made plural by changing f or fe to - ves.
Example:
Beef | Beeves |
Wife | Wives|

Singular nouns use this and that.
Plural nouns use these and those.
* COMMON NOUNS SUFFIXES:
Here are some of the most common noun suffixes.
Nouns from Adjectives:
Ity:
Examples:
Productivity, capacity, personality
Ness:
Examples:
Happiness, loneliness, laziness
Often "ness" suffixes are added to adjectives that end in "y".
This makes them a noun.
Happy -- happinessCrazy -- craziness
Ance – ence:
Patience, distance, reliance
Nouns from Verbs:
Ment:
Examples:
Payment, treatment, punishment
Tion/sion:
Examples:
Solution, pollution, collision, conclusion
ance – ence:
Admittance, existence
Nouns from Nouns:
Hood:
Examples:
Parenthood, fatherhood, neighbourhood
Ship:
Examples:
Friendship, partnership, relationship
Er/or/ist:
The people or...