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1) WHAT IS AN ABSTRACT?
An abstract is a self-contained, short, and powerful statement that describes a larger work. Components vary according to discipline. An abstract of a social science or scientific work may contain the scope, purpose, results, and contents of the work. An abstract of a humanities work may contain the thesis, background, and conclusion of the larger work. An abstract is nota review, nor does it evaluate the work being abstracted. While it contains key words found in the larger work, the abstract is an original document rather than an excerpted passage.
Un resumen es una breve y poderosa declaración independiente que describe una obra mayor. Componentes varían según la disciplina. Un resumen de una ciencia social o trabajo científico puede contener el alcance,propósito, resultados y contenido de la obra. Un resumen de un trabajo de humanidades puede contener la tesis, de fondo, y la conclusión de la obra mayor. Un resumen no es una crítica, ni evaluar el trabajo que se abstrae. A pesar de que contiene palabras clave que se encuentran en la obra más grande, el resumen es un documento original en lugar de un pasaje extractado.http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/abstracts/
Give an example
Humanities Abstracts
“Margaret C. Anderson’s Little Review”
Sophia Estante and Lorrie Moore (Mentor), English
This research looks at the work of Margaret C. Anderson, the editor of the Little Review.  The review published first works by Sherwood Anderson, James Joyce, Wyndham Lewis, and Ezra Pound.  This research draws upon mostly primary sources including memoirs,published letters, and a complete collection of the Little Review. Most prior research on Anderson focuses on her connection to the famous writers and personalities that she published and associated with.  This focus undermines her role as the dominant creative force behind one of the most influential little magazines published in the 20th Century. This case example shows how little magazinepublishing is arguably a literary art.
http://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/presentations_abstracts_examples.html
2) What is a scientific article?
A scientific (academic or scholarly) article describes a researcher's results. The target readership is other academics. The article should be edited and proofed by experts from the same field of study before publication (a so-called peer review).
Scientificarticles vary in type. There are, for example, original articles, survey articles, and theoretical articles.
An original article describes results of a piece of research, whereas a theoretical article aims to develop new theories from existing research. A survey article comprises critical evaluations of previously published studies.
Un artículo científico (académico o académica) describe losresultados de un investigador. El objetivo de lectores otros académicos. El artículo debe ser editado y corregido por expertos del mismo campo de estudio antes de la publicación (el llamado peer review).
Artículos científicos varían en tipo. Hay, por ejemplo, artículos originales, artículos de encuestas y artículos teóricos.
Un artículo original describe los resultados de un trabajo de investigación,mientras que un artículo teórico tiene como objetivo desarrollar nuevas teorías de la investigación existente. Un artículo de la encuesta comprende evaluaciones críticas de los estudios publicados anteriormente.
http://www.du.se/en/library/Search-and-Use/Help-Pages/What-Is-a-Scholarly-Article/

3) TYPES OF ABSTRACTS
There are two types of abstracts: descriptive and informative. They have differentaims, so as a consequence they have different components and styles. There is also a third type called critical, but it is rarely used. If you want to find out more about writing a critique or a review of a work, see the UNC Writing Center handout on writing a literature review. If you are unsure which type of abstract you should write, ask your instructor (if the abstract is for a class) or read...