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MAYA
The Maya civilization inhabited a large part of the region known as Mesoamerica , in the current territories of Guatemala , Belize , Honduras , El Salvador and in the range of five southeastern states of Mexico : Campeche , Chiapas , Quintana Roo , Tabasco and Yucatan , with a history of about 3000 years .
During this long time, in that territory hundreds of dialects spoke todaygenerate about 44 different Mayan languages ​​. Talking about the " ancient Maya " is referring to the history of one of the most important pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures , as its scientific and astronomical legacy is worldwide. Contrary to widespread belief , the Mayan civilization never " disappeared " . At least , not entirely, as their descendants still live in the region and many of them speakany of the languages ​​of the Mayan family .
Mayan literature illustrates the life of this culture. Works as the Rabinal Achi , the Popol Vuh , the various books of Chilam Balam, are proof of that . What I was destroyed by the conquest is the model of civilization until the arrival of the first Spanish had generated three millennia of history.
The Spanish conquest of the Maya was notconsummated until 1697 , with Tayasal making capital of the Mayan Itza, and Zacpetén , capital of the Maya Ko'woj , in Peten ( Guatemala today ) . The last Maya state disappeared when the Mexican government of Porfirio Diaz in 1901 occupied its capital, Chan Santa Cruz, thus ending the so-called Caste War.
The Maya did great and impressive buildings from the Middle Preclassic and cities as Nakbé , ElMirador , San Bartolo , Cival , located in the Mirador Basin , Northern Petén , and during the Preclassic , the well-known cities of Tikal , Quirigua ( both the first to be declared World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979 and 1981 respectively) , Palenque , Copán , Río Azul , Calakmul , Comalcalco (built of baked brick ) and Ceibal , Cancuén , Machaquilá , Dos Pilas , Uaxactún , Altun Ha, PiedrasNegras and many other sites in the area. It can be classified as an empire , but it is unknown if the time of colonization imposed their culture or it was a result of his organization in independent city-states were the basis of agriculture and trade. The most notable monuments are the pyramids they built in their religious centers , together with the palaces of their rulers (places of government andresidence of the nobles ) , the largest so far found Cancuén , in southern Petén, many of whose structures were decorated with wall paintings and stucco ornaments . Other important archaeological remains include the carved stone slabs usually called stelae ( the Maya called them Tetun , ' three stones ' ) , showing portraits of the rulers with logographic texts describing their genealogy ,enthronement , military victories , and other accomplishments. The Mayan pottery is listed as one of the most varied and elaborate fine ancient world.
The Maya participated in long distance trade in Mesoamerica and possibly beyond. Among the trade goods were jade, cacao , corn , salt, and obsidian.


OLMECA
The Olmec culture is the name of civilization that developed during the Middle Preclassic. Although found traces of their presence in large parts of this cultural area , it is considered that the Olmec heartland - area or metropolitan area , covers the southeastern part of the state of Veracruz and western Tabasco. Is unknown , fully, ethnic affiliation - that is, who are the ancestors of this people - however, there are numerous assumptions that have attempted to solve the problemof the identity of the Olmecs . In that sense, it is necessary to make clear that the Olmec ethnonym was imposed by archaeologists of the twentieth century , and should not be confused with that of the Olmec - xicalancas , which were a group that flourished in the Epi center sites of Mexico , as Cacaxtla .
For a long time it was considered that the Olmec was the mother culture of civilization...