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Competition

Competition is the rivalry between individuals (or groups or nations) for territory or resources. It arises whenever two or more parties strive for something that all cannot obtain i.e., the rivalry of two or more parties over something. Competition occurs naturally between living organisms which coexist in the same environment. For example, animals compete over water supplies,food, and mates. In addition, humans compete for attention, wealth, prestige, and fame. Competition can be remote, as in a free throw contest, or antagonistic, as in a standard basketball game. These contests are similar, but in the first one players are isolated from each other, while in the second one they are able to interfere with the performance of their competitors. Competition gives incentivesfor self improvement. If two watchmakers are competing for business, they will lower their prices and improve their products to increase their sales. If birds compete for a limited water supply during a drought, the more suited birds will survive to reproduce and improve the population. Rivals will often refer to their competitors as "the competition". The term can also be used as to refer to thecontest or tournament itself.

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1 Etymology 2 Sizes and levels 3 Cooperative competition vs destructive competition o 3.1 Destructive competition o 3.2 Cooperative competition 4 Consequences 5 Economics and business 6 Law 7 Politics 8 Sports 9 Education 10 Biology and ecology 11 The study of competition o 11.1 Competitiveness o 11.2Hypercompetitiveness 12 See also 13 References 14 External links

Etymology
The Latin root for the verb "to compete" is "competere", which means "to seek together" or "to strive together".[1] However, even the general definition stated above is not universally accepted. Social theorists, most notably Alfie Kohn [2], and cooperativists in general argue that the traditional definition of competition is toobroad and too vague. Competition which originates internally and is biologically motivated can and should be defined as either amoral competition or simply survival instinct, behavior which is neither good nor bad but exists to further the survival of an individual or species (e.g., hunting), or behavior which is coerced (e.g., self-defense). Social Darwinists, however, state that competition is notonly moral, but necessary to the survival of the species. Sizes and levels: Competition may also exist at different sizes; some competitions may be between two members of a species, while other competitions can involve entire species. In an example in economics, a competition between two small stores would be considered small compared to competition between several mega-giants. As a result, theconsequences of the competition would also vary- the larger the competition, the larger the effect. In addition, the level of competition can also vary. At some levels, competition can be informal and be more for pride or fun. However, other competitions can be extreme and bitter; for example, some human wars have erupted because of the intense competition between two nations or nationalities.Cooperative competition vs destructive competition

Destructive competition
Destructive competition seeks to benefit an individual/group/organism by damaging/eliminating competing individuals/groups/organisms; it opposes the desire for mutual survival - it is “winner takes all”. The rationale being that the challenge is a zero-sum game; the success of one group is dependent on the failure of theother competing groups. Destructive competition tends to promote fear, a first-strike mentality and embraces certain forms of trespass.[3]

Cooperative competition
Further information: coopetition Cooperative competition is based upon promoting mutual survival - “everyone wins”. Adam Smith’s “invisible hand” is a process where individuals compete to improve their level of happiness but compete...