Varios

REACCIONES DE LOS HIDROCARBUROS
I. ALCANOS

1.1 Halogenación : Si x ( Halogenos (
CH3 – CH2 – CH3 + X2 / ( ó ( ( CH3 – CH – CH3 + HX(
X


CH2 = CH – CH2 – CH3 + Br2 / ( ó ( ( CH2 = CH – CH – CH3 + HBr(
Br


C :Alil > III > II > I


CH3 - CH3 + Cl2 / ( ( CH3 – CH3Cl + HCl


1. Cl - Cl ( Clo + Clo
2. Clo + CH3 – CH2 ( CH3 – CH2 + Ho + CH3 - CH[pic]
3. Ho + Clo ( HCl[pic]

1.2 Oxidación o carbustión
GLP : CH3 – CH2 – CH3 + 5O2 ( 4H2O
GNV : CH3 + 2O2 ( CO2 + 2H2O


1.3 Reacciones de la halogenusos de alcanos:
a. Reacción de grighar(No utiliza catalizador por el Mg muy reactivo)
CH3 Cl + Hg ( CH3 MgCl






CH3 – CH – CH3 + Mg ( CH3 – CH – CH3
((
Br MgBr




b. Reacciones con el Zn:
2 [(CH3 – CH2)] (+ Zn / H( ( CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 + ZnCl2


CH3(
CH – Cl + Zn / H( ( CH – CH3 + Zn Cl2
(
CH3




II. Alquenos : Rx de Adición
CH2 = CH – CH3 – I2 ( CH2 – CH – CH3( (
I I




CH2 = CH – CH3 + HBr ( CH2 – CH – CH3( (
H Br




La formación de halohdirnos:


CH2 = CH – CH3 + Br2 / H20 ( CH2 - CH – CH3...