Alternative Fuels

PROPOSAL
FOR
ALTERNATIVE FUEL

Prepared for
Dr. Richard A. Meserve, Chairman
US Department of Energy

By
Paulo Leal
Electrical Engineering Student
Essex County College

December 11, 2008
Essex County College
303 University Ave.
Newark New Jersey 07102
(973) 877-3000

December 11, 2008

Paulo Leal, Student
Essex County College
Newark, NJ 07254

Dear Dr. Richard:Submitted for your review is my proposal regarding the use of alternative fuel, this document is in response to the previous gas crises in which the United States of America have suffered the last years.
Within my report, you will find the following supporting materials geared toward our energy source necessities:

* Combustible Specification ……………………………………………
* Natural Gas Distribution
*Benefits of Natural Gas
* Cost

Thank you for kindly analyzing my proposal. It is a pleasure for me to be useful to other Americans.

Sincerely,

Paulo Leal
Paulo Leal
Electrical Engineering Student
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ………………………………………………………………………… iv
1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………..
1.1 Purpose ………………………………………………………………………….
1.2 Problems………………………………………………………………………
1.2.1 High costs ………………………………………………………………...
1.2.2 Lead Pollution by Gasoline ……………………………………………….
1.2.3 Non Renewable Resource ……………………………………………….
2. DISCUSSION
2.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL GAS
2.2 Natural Gas Distribution
2.3 CNG and LNG: Alternative Fuels
2.3.1 Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
2.3.2 LiquefiedNatural Gas (LNG)
2.4 Natural Gas Vehicles – Workability
2.5 Natural Gas Benefits
2.5.1 Increasing Energy Security
2.5.2 Paving the Way for Fuel Cell Vehicles
2.5.4 Protecting Public Health and the Environment
2.6 Cost
3. CONCLUSION
3.1 Major Concern
4. LIST OF ABREVIATIONS

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ABSTRACT

1.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 PURPOSE

This is a proposal to implement Natural Gas as an alternative fuel in the United States. The use of natural gas instead of gasoline will radically combat the effects of the economic crises regarding the combustible for our vehicles as suggested in this proposal.

1.2 PROBLEMS

1.3.1 High Costs
The slow and seemingly inexorable rise in gas prices over thepast two years has reached a fever pitch in recent months. That's taking its toll on many Americans, faced with paying more at the pump. Most of the people are cutting back on restaurant outings, shutting off cable or internet access, paring clothing budgets and even scrimping on necessities such as food. The price of a gasoline went up to almost $5 per gallon. In fact, even if the price of gasolinecame down to lower than $2 per gallon in the past months, the US economy definitely cannot assure anyone that the prices won’t rise once again.

1.3.2 Lead Pollution by Gasoline
Exposure to lead can affect the central nervous system and irreversibly affect cognitive performance during childhood. Lead is also discussed to be a toxin influencing human habits enhancing the rate ofcriminal acts. It is therefore urgent to phase out the use of this anti-knock agent with high priority. Unfortunately even after phasing-out the use of tetraethyl-lead in gasoline, lead contamination of the environment will persist for a long time.

1.3.3 Non Renewable Resource
Petroleum is a resource that is limited in quantity and cannot be replaced quickly after use. It is producedorganically which is why it is classified as fossil fuel. Fossil fuels form from the remains of plants and animals over millions of years. This resource also contains hydrocarbons or compounds of carbon and hydrogen. Stored energy collected by plants and animals from millions of years ago remains in the compounds.
2.0 DISCUSSION

2.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF NATURAL GAS
Few alternative...