Análisis Fitoquimico Y Metabolitos Secundarios

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Freire 2007 Caldasia 29(1):23-38. et al.

EPIDERMAL CHARACTERS OF BACCHARIS (ASTERACEAE) SPECIES USED IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE
Caracteres epidérmicos de las especies del género Baccharis (Asteraceae) usadas en la medicina popular
SUSANA E. FREIRE ESTRELLA URTUBEY DANIEL A. GIULIANO División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo delBosque, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. freire@museo.fcnym.unlp.edu.ar ABSTRACT A morphological study of 38 species of Baccharis used in traditional medicine was carried out to provide some epidermal characters that will contribute to the knowledge of the genus. The present study revealed: 1) seven different types of trichomes: conical, aseptate flagellate, filiform flagellate, 1-armed, 2-4-armed, bulbiferousflagellate, and glandular biseriate; 2) that 28 of the total of 38 species have trichomes in tufts; 3) six different types of stomata: anomocytic, anisocytic, cyclocytic, actinocytic, tetracytic, and staurocytic; 4) that some trichome types, such as 2-4-armed (B. dracunculifolia) and aseptate flagellate branched (B. trinervis), show a high diagnostic value; 5) that the stomata types can be used todifferentiate species with similar trichomes type (e.g. B. trimera and B. articulata). Illustrations of the studied characters are provided. Key words. Baccharis, Compositae, medicinal species, stomata, trichomes. RESUMEN Se realizó un estudio de caracteres epidérmicos de las hojas de las 38 especies de Baccharis usadas en la medicina popular. El análisis de los caracteres revela: 1) siete tipos detricomas: cónicos, flageliforme aseptados, filiformes flagelados, 1-armados, 2-4-armados, bulbíferos flagelados y glandulares biseriados; 2) que 28 especies del total de 38 especies medicinales estudiadas presentan tricomas en “nidos pilosos”; 3) que seis tipos de estomas están presentes: anomocíticos, anisocíticos, ciclocíticos, actinocíticos, tetracíticos y estaurocíticos; 4) que algunos tricomasmuestran un alto valor diagnóstico, por ejemplo, los tricomas 2-4-armados son exclusivos de B. dracunculifolia y los flagelados-aseptados ramificados están presentes sólo en B. trinervis; 5) que los tipos de estomas permiten la diferenciación de especies con igual tipo de tricoma, (por ejemplo B. trimera de B. articulata). Se incluyen ilustraciones de los caracteres diagnósticos. Palabras clave.Baccharis, Compositae, especies medicinales, aparatos entomáticos, tricomas. 23

Medicinal Baccharis

INTRODUCTION Baccharis L. is one of the largest genera of the tribe Astereae (Nesom, 1994). It comprises c. 400 American species of shrubs or subshrubs, occasionally small trees and herbs, nearly all dioecious. According to Zin (1922), Amat (1983), Zardini (1984), Girault (1987), Boldt (1989),Correa & Bernal (1990), Iharlegui & Hurrell (1992), Soria (1993), Heinrich (1996), Rojas et al. (1999), Pérez-García et al. (2001), Erazo et al. (2002), Baggio et al. (2003), Vidari et al. (2003), Souza (2004), and a recent webpage (HardingBarlow), 38 medicinal species of Baccharis with folk medicinal use (or mentioned at least as medicinal herbs) are recognized (Table 1); many of these species can bedistinguished by their leaf or winged stem morphology (Appendix 1). In 22 of these species biological activity was tested (Gutkind et al. 1981, Vidari et al. 2003, Verdi et al. 2005). Baccharis megapotamica and B. pedunculata are also included in this study since they can be considered promisory medicinal species judging from their tested biological activity (Verdi et al. 2005). Heering (1899),Volkens (1890), Quentin (1911), Ariza Espinar (1973), Barroso (1976), Pertusi (1987), Hellwig (1990, 1992), Müller (2006) and, are among authors who have contributed most to the solving taxonomic problems through the analysis of micromorphology of leaf surface in Baccharis. Epidermal traits, i.e. epidermal cells, stomata, and hairs, have proven to be an important tool in taxa delimitation in...