Apuntes Sobre Los Músculos, Los Huesos, Y La Piel En Inglés

Life Science CH 14
Bones, Muscles and Skin
(taught in January so that CH 9-13 can be done in the spring)



Projects:
1. build a robot hand out of a straw and string http://www.sciencetoymaker.org/robotFinger/index.html
2. Look at deer bones
3. cut through a chicken leg skin to muscle to bone
4. test sunscreen with photosensitive paper in a plastic bag. See page 494 in the book.
5.Discuss this year’s Science Fair.



I. Body Organization and Homeostasis
A. Cells (Do a quick Review)
B. Tissues
1. a group of similar cells performing the same function
a) muscle tissues contract (shorten)
b) nervous tissues carries electrical messages from a body part to the brain
c) connective tissue (bone and fat) connects and supports body parts.d) epithelial tissue covers surfaces
1) skin protects
2) stomach lining absorbs
C. Organs and organ systems
1. Stomach, liver, heart
2. group of tissues doing different jobs but all for one purpose
3. Every organ is part of an organ system
a) There are 11 organ systems[pic]
b) Lymphatic system-
1) an open system of vessels -unidirectional
2) carries plasma (liquid between blood vessels) back to the heart
3) 15% of plasma was removed from blood to become interstitial(between tissues) fluid by the capillaries; 85% get taken out but then reabsorbs into the blood on its own.
4) Plasma travels back to heart to rejoin blood cells
5) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qTXTDqvPnRk (lymphsys)
6) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnWwHthkGkY (elephantiasis affects the lymphatic system via a parasite)
c) Endocrine System
1) a series of glands that release hormones
2) hormones are used for communication
3) slow to release and longer lasting than the nervous systems electrical impulses
4) uses:
a) growth anddevelopment
b) tissue function
c) mood
d) metabolism (the sum of all chemical reactions carried out in the body)
d) heart , veins...; circulatory system
e) Brain and nerves; nervous system
D. HOmeostasis
1. A state of internal balance in spite of changes in the environment
a) body temperature (sweating and shivering)b) blood sugar levels
c) water levels (bloated, swollen)
d) blood pressure
e) heart rate
2. Stress and HOmeostasis
a) Stress releases a hormone adrenaline
b) This allows you to handle emergencies with clear thought and fast, strong actions
c) After the emergency this should subside
d) If it doesn’t your body is struggling to maintainhomestasis






II. The Skeletal System
A. Note: infants have 275 bones and adults have 206
B. 5 functions of the skeletal system
1. shape and support
a) if your back bone were one large bone you would be unable to bend
2. enables you to move
a) muscles pull on the bones
3. protects your organs
4. produces blood cells
5. stores minerals till yourbody needs them (Calcium and phosphorus)
C. Joints
1. immovable - allow little or no movement (skull and pelvis)
2. moveable
a) hinge joint - knee
b) ball and socket - shoulder
c) pivot - neck
d) gliding - wrist

D. Bones - strong and living
1. they are living structures that grow and develop
2. stonger yet lighter than concrete or granitein the same shape
3. Bone structure
a) compact bone
1) hard but not solid
2) carry blood vessels and nerves to cells within bones
b) Spongy bone
1) found at the ends of bone and in the center of long bones like the femur
2) many small spaces
3) light and strong
c) Marrow
1) fills the spaces in bone...