Artech House

Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications
Second Edition

For a listing of recent titles in the Artech House Mobile Communications Series, please turn to the back of this book.

Introduction to 3G Mobile Communications
Second Edition

Juha Korhonen

Artech House Boston • London www.artechhouse.com

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Korhonen, Juha. Introduction to3G mobile communications / Juha Korhonen.—2nd ed. p. cm. — (Artech House mobile communications series) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-58053-507-0 (alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Mobile communication systems. 3. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. I. Title. II. Series. TK5103.2.K67 2003 384.5’3—dc21 2002043665

British Library Cataloguing inPublication Data Korhonen, Juha Introduction to 3G mobile communications.—2nd ed.—(Artech House mobile communications series) 1. Mobile communication systems I. Title 621.3’8456 ISBN 1-58053-507-0

Cover design by Yekaterina Ratner. Text design by Darrell Judd. © 2003 ARTECH HOUSE, INC. 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No partof this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy ofthis information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. International Standard Book Number: 1-58053-507-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2002043665 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Chapter 0

Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments

xv
xvii

1

Overview

1
1 1 2 5 8 10 10 11 12 12 13 14 15 18 20 23 24

1.1 Historyof Mobile Cellular Systems 1.1.1 First Generation 1.1.2 Second Generation 1.1.3 Generation 2.5 1.2 Overview of 3G 1.3 Proposals for 3G Standard 1.3.1 WCDMA 1.3.2 Advanced TDMA 1.3.3 Hybrid CDMA/TDMA 1.3.4 OFDM 1.3.5 IMT-2000 1.4 3GPP 1.4.1 TDD 1.4.2 TD-SCDMA 1.5 3GPP2 1.6 3G Evolution Paths References

2

Principles of CDMA

25
25 28 32 32 37 38 41 44 45 47 48

2.1 Radio-Channel AccessSchemes 2.2 Spread Spectrum 2.3 RAKE Receiver 2.4 Power Control 2.5 Handovers 2.5.1 Soft Handover 2.5.2 Relocation 2.5.3 Hard Handover 2.5.4 Intersystem Handovers 2.6 Multiuser Detection References

v

vi

CONTENTS

3

WCDMA Air Interface: Physical Layer

49
49 52 53 55 56 57 57 57 58 60 61 64 66 69 70 70 71 72 74 78 80 81 83 83 84 85 87 92 97 99

3.1 General 3.1.1 Forward ErrorCorrection Encoding/Decoding 3.1.2 Radio Measurements and Indications to Higher Layers 3.1.3 Macrodiversity Distribution/Combining and Soft Handover Execution 3.1.4 Error Detection on Transport Channels 3.1.5 Multiplexing of Transport Channels and Demultiplexing of CCTrCHs 3.1.6 Rate Matching 3.1.7 Mapping of CCTrCHs on Physical Channels 3.1.8 Modulation, Spreading/Demodulation, and Despreading ofPhysical Channels 3.1.9 Frequency and Time Synchronization 3.1.10 Inner-Loop Power Control 3.1.11 Power Weighting and Combining of Physical Channels 3.1.12 RF Processing 3.1.13 Timing Advance on Uplink Channels 3.1.14 Support of Uplink Synchronization 3.2 Channels 3.2.1 Logical Channels 3.2.2 Transport Channels 3.2.3 Physical Channels 3.2.4 Shared Channels 3.2.5 Channel Mapping 3.3 Spreading andScrambling Codes 3.4 Diversity 3.4.1 Time Diversity 3.4.2 Multipath Diversity 3.4.3 Macrodiversity 3.4.4 Antenna Diversity 3.5 Transport Formats 3.6 Data Through Layer 1 References

4

Modulation Techniques and Spread Spectrum

101
101 101 101 102 102 104 109

4.1 Spreading Techniques 4.1.1 DS-CDMA 4.1.2 Frequency-Hopping CDMA 4.1.3 Time-Hopping CDMA 4.1.4 Multicarrier CDMA 4.2 Data...