Back To Basics

BACK TO BASICS
GRAMMAR REFERENCE





Use these notes and your grammar book to complete this module.

























ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS - the assistants

Adjectives and adverbs make language more interesting. They allow us to express things in detail. What did it/they look like, how was it done?

Adjectives assist nouns and include words such as,big, small, beautiful. They also include colours, numbers and nationalities.

• What did the cake taste like? It was delicious cake.
• What colour was the car? It was metallic blue.



Compound adjectives: Hyphenated words which, when
skilfully used, can avoid an otherwise
lengthy description.eg Twenty-year-old John ……..


A string of adjectives:
eg It was a wet windy night. If using three or more use a comma after all, except the last
eg It was a cold, wet, windy night.


Comparative adjectives: Regular: add 'er' eg old, olderIrregular: eg good, better

Superlative adjectives: Add 'est' or 'most' eg oldest, the most
beautiful.



Adverbs assist verbs

A verb tells us what is being or was/will be done and the adverb tells us how.

Most adverbs are adjectives + 'ly'. eg quickly - He ran quickly.beautifully - She sang beautifully.

Not all adverbs end in 'ly' He ran as fast as he could
You will have to work hard to gain your
TEFL certificate.

Spelling When the adjective ends in 'y' change the 'y'
to 'i' and add '-ly' (exceptions shy, shyly; sly, slyly)When the adjective ends in '-ly', the same
rule applies, sometimes with rather alarming
results, eg ugly becomes uglily. In such cases it's usually better to find another word or construction

Beware 'hopefully' is an adverb which isfrequently misused. Remember 'hopefully' does not mean 'I hope that' it means 'full of hope', so it is a complement to a verb. eg The inquisitive child searched the Internet hopefully.


How and well are adverbs. How do you do?
Very well, thank you.




Some words can be both an adjective and an adverb

How come?
It depends on the sentence. eg Hedrove a ‘fast’ car.
‘Fast’ describes the car (noun), therefore it is an adjective.
He drove the car ‘fast’.
This time ‘fast’ describes the manner in which he was driving (verb), therefore it is an adverb.

Adverbs can qualify adjectives

eg It was an extremely expensiverestaurant.


Adverbs can qualify adverbs

eg He ran amazingly quickly to break the record.



Adverbs can be formed by adding '-ly' to the present/past participle


eg hurried(ly) supposed(ly)
undoubted(ly) joking(ly)
loving(ly)


Comparative adverbs more quickly, more gently

Superlative adverbs most quickly, most gently








SELF-CHECK:ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS


Find as many adjectives as you can to describe the weather.


Find as many adverbs as you can to describe someone's attempts at speaking another language.


Use an adjective and an adverb together to describe the weather.


Use two adverbs together to describe someone's attempts at speaking another language.







ARTICLES




The indefinite...