Biologia

1. Which are the most common elements found in living organisms?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus 
2. Which are the 4 groups of molecules found in living organisms?
Proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
3. Which properties of water are important for living beings?
High specific heat, density, transportation, hidratation, long time inside system
4. What is thestructure and functions of Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates provide energy to the body, just like protein and fats. carbs just break down faster

5. What is the structure an functions of Lipids?
Energy storage, mobilization, and utilization protection of organs insulation

6. What is the basic unit of Proteins?
Amino acids, of whick there are about 20 basic types that make up proteins, some examplesare glycine, lysine and serine.
7. Which are the structure and functions of Proteins?
Enzymatic catalysts, Transport molecules, storage molecules, proteins are the major component of muscles, control of growth and cell differentiation uses proteins, mechanical support like skin and bone contain collagen a fibrous protein.
8. What is the basic structure of a nucleotide?

9. Which are the 4bases that form DNA nucleotides?
Adenine, Cytosine, Thymine, Guanine
10. Explain the double helix structure of DNA
The back bone of DNA is formed of nucleotides. This are joined with he base pairs that could be Adenine with Thymine and Guanine with Cytosine.
11. Explain DNA replication process using a flow chart and pictures.

12. Compare DNA and RNA
-all organisms use DnA or RnA to passinformation and control gowth and development
- DnA and RnA provide and excellent way of comparing organisms at their most basic level (their genes)
13. Which are the 3 types of RNA?
Messenger RNA (mRNA), Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), Transfer RNA (tRNA)
14. Summarize the translation process in a flow chart
Translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins using the mature mRNA transcriptproduced during transcription. 

15. Explain 2 common types of DNA mutations.

16. What is a gene?
A hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. Genes undergo mutation when their DNA sequence changes.
17. Which are the 3 main principles of the cell theory?
* A cell is a smallspeck of nucleated protoplasm which can exist independently. 
* All living things-plants or animals are made of cells .Cell is the smallest unit of structure and function of all living organisms.
* All cells arise from preexisting cells
18. What limits the cell size?
because of the surface area to volume ratio. the cell membrane its what controls tha go in and out the cell. Cells withmore surface area per unit volume are able to move more materials in anda out the cell. If the cell is bigger the surface area is smaller

19. Draw and label a prokaryote cell

20. How do Prokaryote cells reproduce?
Through Binary Fusion. (With asexual reproduction) The 2 daughter cells are genetically identical to eachother and to the parent cell.

21. What are the main differences betweenprokaryote and eukaryote cells?

Prokaryotic cells:
* Most primitive
* Do not have a pre-defined nucleus
* Chromosomes are dispersed in the cytoplasm
* Contain no membrane-bound organelles
* Have circular chromosomes
* Most metabolically diverse
* don't have a cytoskeleton at all
* Don't undergo meiosis but reproduce sexually by the transfer of DNA fragmentsthrough conjugation

Eukaryotic cells:
* More complex, evolved organsims
* Contain true nuclei
* Contain membrane-bound organelles
* Have linear DNA and contain histone proteins
* Have a complex cytosketeton
* Reproduce sexually with the use of meiosis.
22. Draw and label a plant cell and an animal cell

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

23. Which are the differences between...