Cadmio En Aguas Subterraneas De Yucatán, Mex.

Hexagon Series on Human and Environmental Security and Peace Series Editor: Hans Günter Brauch

Vol. 7

Úrsula Oswald Spring
Editor

Water Resources in Mexico
Scarcity, Degradation, Stress, Conflicts, Management, and Policy

With 196 Figures and 74 Tables

Editor Prof. Dr. Úrsula Oswald Spring, Centre for Regional Multidisciplinary Research (CRIM) at the National AutonomousUniversity of Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad s/n, Cto. 2o, Col. Chamilpa, C.P. 62210 Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico

ISSN 1865-5793 e-ISSN 1865-5807 e-ISBN: 978-3-642-05432-7 ISBN 978-3-642-05431-0 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-05432-7 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011936515 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rightsare reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its currentversion, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for generaluse. The top photograph illustrates the impact of a flood in Tabasco; the lower-left photograph shows campesinos planting onions in El Pañuelo and the lower-right photograph a water ceremony in El Texcal, both in the state of Morelos in Mexico. All photographs were taken by Úrsula Oswald Spring, who also holds the copyright. Translation from Spanish: Dr. Serena Eréndira Serrano Oswald, Cuernavaca,Mexico Copyediting: PD Dr. Hans Günter Brauch, AFES-PRESS e.V., Mosbach, Germany Language editing: Michael Headon, Colwyn Bay, Wales, UK Typesetting and layout: Thomas Bast, AFES-PRESS e.V., Mosbach, Germany Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents
List of Figures IX

List of Tables

XVII

Acknowledgments

XXIPermissions and Credits

XXIII

Preface Estela Morales Campos

1

Introduction

3 5

1

Water Resources in Mexico: A Conceptual Introduction Úrsula Oswald Spring and Ignacio Sánchez Cohen

Part I

Hydrological Processes and Management of Basins Mexico’s Water Challenges for the 21 Century Felipe I. Arreguín Cortés, Mario López Pérez and Humberto Marengo Mogollón Integrated WaterManagement in Hydrological Basins: Multidisciplinary and Multi-Institutionality as an Action Paradigm Ignacio Sánchez Cohen, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Gabriel Díaz Padilla and José Luís González Barrios Analysis of Weather Time Series for Decision-making in Mexico Gabriel Díaz Padilla, Ignacio Sánchez Cohen and Rafael Alberto Guajardo Panes Coastal Aquifers of Sonora: Hydrogeological Analysis Maintaining aSustainable Equilibrium Miguel Rangel Medina, Rogelio Monreal Saavedra and Christopher Watts Preliminary Investigation of Groundwater and Surface Water Geochemistry in Campeche and Southern Quintana Roo Eugene Perry, Guadalupe Velazquez Oliman and Niklas Wagner
st

19 21

2

3

39

4

51

5

73

6

87

v

vi Part II Water Use, Availability and Alternative SourcesEnvironmental Monitoring and Crop Water Demand Jaime Garatuza Payán, Julio Cesar Rodríguez and Christopher J. Watts Advances in Geomatics and Geospatial Technology for Solving the Water Problem in Mexico Felipe Omar Tapia Silva Water Use for Agriculture in Mexico Enrique Palacios Vélez and Enrique Mejia Saez Social Problems with the Agricultural Use of Urban Wastewater Francisco Peña Effects of Land...