calculo #2 impares
Differentiation
Section 2.1
The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem . . . 53
Section 2.2
Basic Differentiation Rules and Rates of Change . 60
Section 2.3
The Product and Quotient Rules and
Higher-Order Derivatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
Section 2.4
The Chain Rule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Section 2.5
Implicit Differentiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Section 2.6
Related Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Review Exercises
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Problem Solving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
C H A P T E R
Differentiation
Section 2.1
2
The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem
Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises1. (a) m ϭ 0
(c) y ϭ
3. (a), (b)
(b) m ϭ Ϫ3
y
f )4)
4
f )1)
)x
1
f )1)
1)
x
ϭ
1
y
f ͑4͒ Ϫ f ͑1͒
͑x Ϫ 1͒ ϩ f ͑1)
4Ϫ1
3
͑x Ϫ 1͒ ϩ 2
3
ϭ 1͑x Ϫ 1͒ ϩ 2
6
f )4)
5
ϭxϩ1
5
)4, 5)
4
f )4)
f )1)
3
3
2
f )1)
)1, 2)
2
1
x
1
5. f ͑x͒ ϭ 3 Ϫ 2x is a line. Slope ϭ Ϫ2
2
3
4
5
6
7. Slope at ͑1, Ϫ3͒ ϭlim
⌬x→0
g͑1 ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ g͑1͒
⌬x
͑1 ϩ ⌬x͒2 Ϫ 4 Ϫ ͑Ϫ3͒
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
1 ϩ 2͑⌬x͒ ϩ ͑⌬x͒2 Ϫ 1
⌬x
ϭ lim ͓2 ϩ 2͑⌬x͔͒ ϭ 2
⌬x→0
9. Slope at ͑0, 0͒ ϭ lim
⌬t→0
f ͑0 ϩ ⌬t͒ Ϫ f ͑0͒
⌬t
3͑⌬t͒ Ϫ ͑⌬t͒2 Ϫ 0
⌬t→0
⌬t
ϭ lim
ϭ lim ͑3 Ϫ ⌬t͒ ϭ 3
⌬t→0
11. f ͑x͒ ϭ 3
fЈ ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
3Ϫ3
⌬x
ϭ lim 0 ϭ 0
⌬x→013. f ͑x͒ ϭ Ϫ5x
fЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
15. h͑s͒ ϭ 3 ϩ
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
Ϫ5͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ ͑Ϫ5x͒
⌬x
ϭ lim Ϫ5 ϭ Ϫ5
⌬x→0
hЈ͑s͒ ϭ lim
2
s
3
⌬s→0
h͑s ϩ ⌬s͒ Ϫ h͑s͒
⌬s
2
2
3 ϩ ͑s ϩ ⌬s͒ Ϫ 3 ϩ s
3
3
ϭ lim
⌬s→0
⌬s
2
⌬s
3
2
ϭ
ϭ lim
⌬s→0 ⌬s
3
53
54
Chapter 2
Differentiation
17. f ͑x͒ ϭ 2x2 ϩ x Ϫ 1
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬xfЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
͓2͑x ϩ ⌬x͒2 ϩ ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ 1͔ Ϫ ͓2x2 ϩ x Ϫ 1͔
⌬x
͑2x2 ϩ 4x⌬x ϩ 2͑⌬x͒2 ϩ x ϩ ⌬x Ϫ 1͒ Ϫ ͑2x2 ϩ x Ϫ 1͒
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
4x⌬x ϩ 2͑⌬x͒2 ϩ ⌬x
ϭ lim ͑4x ϩ 2⌬x ϩ 1͒ ϭ 4x ϩ 1
⌬x→0
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
19. f ͑x͒ ϭ x3 Ϫ 12x
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
fЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
͓͑x ϩ ⌬x͒3 Ϫ 12͑x ϩ ⌬x͔͒ Ϫ ͓x3 Ϫ 12x͔
⌬x
x3 ϩ 3x2⌬x ϩ 3x͑⌬x͒2 ϩ͑⌬x͒3 Ϫ 12x Ϫ 12⌬x Ϫ x3 ϩ 12x
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
3x2⌬x ϩ 3x͑⌬x͒2 ϩ ͑⌬x͒3 Ϫ 12⌬x
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
ϭ lim ͑3x2 ϩ 3x⌬x ϩ ͑⌬x͒2 Ϫ 12͒ ϭ 3x2 Ϫ 12
⌬x→0
21. f ͑x͒ ϭ
1
xϪ1
fЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
1
1
Ϫ
x ϩ ⌬x Ϫ 1 x Ϫ 1
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
͑x Ϫ 1͒ Ϫ ͑x ϩ ⌬x Ϫ 1͒
⌬x͑x ϩ ⌬x Ϫ 1͒͑x Ϫ 1͒
ϭ lim
Ϫ⌬x
⌬x͑x ϩ ⌬x Ϫ 1͒͑x Ϫ 1͒
ϭ lim
Ϫ1
͑x ϩ ⌬x Ϫ 1͒͑x Ϫ 1͒⌬x→0
⌬x→0
⌬x→0
ϭϪ
1
͑x Ϫ 1͒2
23. f ͑x͒ ϭ Ίx ϩ 1
fЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
ϭ
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
Ίx ϩ ⌬x ϩ 1 Ϫ
⌬x
Ίx ϩ 1
и
͑x ϩ ⌬x ϩ 1͒ Ϫ ͑x ϩ 1͒
⌬x͓Ίx ϩ ⌬x ϩ 1 ϩ Ίx ϩ 1͔
1
Ίx ϩ ⌬x ϩ 1 ϩ Ίx ϩ 1
1
1
ϭ
Ίx ϩ 1 ϩ Ίx ϩ 1
2Ίx ϩ 1
Ίx ϩ ⌬x ϩ 1 ϩ Ίx ϩ 1
Ίx ϩ ⌬x ϩ 1 ϩ Ίx ϩ 1
Section 2.1
25.(a) f ͑x͒ ϭ x2 ϩ 1
fЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
The Derivative and the Tangent Line Problem
17. (b)
8
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
(2, 5)
−5
͓͑x ϩ ⌬x͒2 ϩ 1͔ Ϫ ͓x2 ϩ 1͔
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
⌬x
5
−2
2x⌬x ϩ ͑⌬x͒2
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
ϭ lim ͑2x ϩ ⌬x͒ ϭ 2x
⌬x→0
At ͑2, 5͒, the slope of the tangent line is
m ϭ 2͑2͒ ϭ 4. The equation of the tangent line is
y Ϫ 5 ϭ 4͑x Ϫ 2͒
y Ϫ 5 ϭ 4x Ϫ 8
y ϭ4x Ϫ 3.
27. (a) f ͑x͒ ϭ x3
fЈ͑x͒ ϭ lim
⌬x→0
18. (b)
10
(2, 8)
f ͑x ϩ ⌬x͒ Ϫ f ͑x͒
⌬x
−5
5
͑x ϩ ⌬x͒3 Ϫ x3
ϭ lim
⌬x→0
⌬x
−4
3x2⌬x ϩ 3x͑⌬x͒2 ϩ ͑⌬x͒3
⌬x→0
⌬x
ϭ lim
ϭ lim ͑3x2 ϩ 3x⌬x ϩ ͑⌬x͒2͒ ϭ 3x2
⌬x→0
At ͑2, 8͒, the slope of the tangent is m ϭ 3͑2͒2 ϭ 12.
The equation of the tangent line is
y Ϫ 8 ϭ 12͑x Ϫ 2͒
y ϭ 12x Ϫ 16.
29. (a) f ͑x͒ ϭ Ίx...
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