Clausura

PRESENT PERFECT

The present perfect simple expresses an action that is still going on or that stopped recently, but has an influence on the present. It puts emphasis on the result

En inglésutilizamos el tiempo presente perfecto cuando existe una conexión o relación entre el pasado y el presente. Tiene dos usos principales:

a) Lo utilizamos cuando nos encontramos interesados en elresultado presente de algo que ocurrió en un momento no definido del pasado:

b) Lo utilizamos para hablar acerca de una acción o situación que comenzó en el pasado y aún continúa:

Con el presenteperfecto utilizamos How long...? (¿Cuánto tiempo...?) en preguntas relacionadas con la duración y for (durante) o since (desde) para las respuestas.

Observa que usamos for para expresar la duración deuna acción, y since para indicar cuándo comenzó la acción.

A menudo el presente perfecto se utiliza con los adverbios ever (alguna vez), never (nunca)…

Positive full form

1. Bob hasvisited his grandma. [pic]
2. Jimmy has played on the computer. [pic]
3. Sue and Walter have washed their car.

Short form

1. I’ve gone home.
2. You’ve made a mistake.
3. It’s rained forthree hours.
[pic]
Negative form

1. Sarah has not washed the dishes. [pic]
2. Anita has not cleaned the kitchen. [pic]
3. Maureen and Gavin have not watered the plants. [pic]

Shortform

1. She hasn’t started the homework.
2. Benito hasn’t played X-box.
3. They haven’t worked at the office.

Yes / No with short answers

1. Have you seen the picture?
Yes, I have.[pic]2. Have your parents got the letter? [pic]
No, they haven’t.
3. Has it rained a lot?
Yes, it has.

Use of ever, never and before

Ever

1. Have you ever been to Paris?
2. Has she everseen a ghost?
3. Have you ever met a celebrity?

Never

1. Fergal has never sailed on the Pacific. [pic]
2. Rebecca has never stayed at a five-star hotel. [pic]
3. Jason has never watched a...