Contenido aashto lrfd

AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications Customary U.S. Units DETAILED TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1—SCOPE OF THE SPECIFICATIONS 1.2—DEFINITIONS 1.3—DESIGN PHILOSOPHY 1.3.1—General 1.3.2—Limit States 1.3.2.1—General 1.3.2.2 —Service Limit State 1.3.2.3—Fatigue and Fracture Limit State 1.3.2.4—Strength Limit State 1.3.2.5—Extreme Event Limit States 1.3.3—Ductility 1.3.4—Redundancy1.3.5—Operational Importance 1.4—REFERENCES SECTION 2: GENERAL DESIGN AND LOCATION FEATURES 2.1—SCOPE 2.2—DEFINITIONS 2.3—LOCATION FEATURES 2.3.1—Route Location 2.3.1.1—General 2.3.1.2—Waterway and Floodplain Crossings 2.3.2—Bridge Site Arrangement 2.3.2.1—General 2.3.2.2—Traffic Safety 2.3.2.2.1—Protection of Structures 2.3.2.2.2—Protection of Users 2.3.2.2.3—Geometric Standards 2.3.2.2.4—RoadSurfaces 2.3.2.2.5—Vessel Collisions 2.3.3—Clearances 2.3.3.1—Navigational 2.3.3.2—Highway Vertical 2.3.3.3—Highway Horizontal 2.3.3.4—Railroad Overpass 2.3.4—Environment 2.4—FOUNDATION INVESTIGATION 2.4.1—General 2.4.2—Topographic Studies 2.5—DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2.5.1—Safety 2.5.2—Serviceability 2.5.2.1—Durability 2.5.2.1.1—Materials 2.5.2.1.2—Self-Protecting Measures 2.5.2.2—Inspectability2.5.2.3—Maintainability 2.5.2.4—Rideability 2.5.2.5—Utilities 2.5.2.6—Deformations 2.5.2.6.1—General

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2.5.2.6.2—Criteria for Deflection 2.5.2.6.3—Optional Criteria for Span-to-Depth Ratios 2.5.2.7—Consideration of Future Widening 2.5.2.7.1—Exterior Beamson Multibeam Bridges 2.5.2.7.2—Substructure 2.5.3—Constructibility 2.5.4—Economy 2.5.4.1—General 2.5.4.2—Alternative Plans 2.5.5—Bridge Aesthetics 2.6—HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULICS 2.6.1—General 2.6.2—Site Data 2.6.3—Hydrologic Analysis 2.6.4—Hydraulic Analysis 2.6.4.1—General 2.6.4.2—Stream Stability 2.6.4.3—Bridge Waterway 2.6.4.4—Bridge Foundations 2.6.4.4.1—General 2.6.4.4.2—Bridge Scour2.6.4.5—Roadway Approaches to Bridge 2.6.5—Culvert Location, Length, and Waterway Area 2.6.6—Roadway Drainage 2.6.6.1—General 2.6.6.2—Design Storm 2.6.6.3—Type, Size, and Number of Drains 2.6.6.4—Discharge from Deck Drains 2.6.6.5—Drainage of Structures 2.7—BRIDGE SECURITY 2.7.1—General 2.7.2—Design Demand 2.8—REFERENCES

SECTION 3: LOADS AND LOAD FACTORS 3.1—SCOPE 3.2—DEFINITIONS 3.3—NOTATION 3.3.1—General3.3.2—Load and Load Designation 3.4—LOAD FACTORS AND COMBINATIONS 3.4.1—Load Factors and Load Combinations 3.4.2—Load Factors for Construction Loads 3.4.2.1—Evaluation at the Strength Limit State 3.4.2.2—Evaluation of Deflection at the Service Limit State 3.4.3—Load Factors for Jacking and Post-Tensioning Forces 3.4.3.1—Jacking Forces 3.4.3.2—Force for Post-Tensioning Anchorage Zones3.5—PERMANENT LOADS 3.5.1—Dead Loads: DC, DW, and EV 3.5.2—Earth Loads: EH, ES, and DD 3.6—LIVE LOADS 3.6.1—Gravity Loads: LL and PL 3.6.1.1—Vehicular Live Load 3.6.1.1.1—Number of Design Lanes 3.6.1.1.2—Multiple Presence of Live Load 3.6.1.2—Design Vehicular Live Load 3.6.1.2.1—General

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3.6.1.2.2—Design Truck 3.6.1.2.3—Design Tandem 3.6.1.2.4—Design Lane Load 3.6.1.2.5—Tire Contact Area 3.6.1.2.6—Distribution of Wheel Loads through Earth Fills 3.6.1.3—Application of Design Vehicular Live Loads 3.6.1.3.1—General 3.6.1.3.2—Loading for Optional Live Load Deflection Evaluation 3.6.1.3.3—Design Loads for Decks, Deck Systems, and the Top Slabs of BoxCulverts 3.6.1.3.4—Deck Overhang Load 3.6.1.4—Fatigue Load 3.6.1.4.1—Magnitude and Configuration 3.6.1.4.2—Frequency 3.6.1.4.3—Load Distribution for Fatigue 3.6.1.4.3a—Refined Methods 3.6.1.4.3b—Approximate Methods 3.6.1.5—Rail Transit Load 3.6.1.6—Pedestrian Loads 3.6.1.7—Loads on Railings 3.6.2—Dynamic Load Allowance: IM 3.6.2.1—General 3.6.2.2—Buried Components 3.6.2.3—Wood Components...