El Arte

Byzantine and Islamic (a.d. 476–a.d.1453) | Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing maze-like design | Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra | Justinianpartly restores Western Roman Empire (a.d. 533–a.d. 562); Iconoclasm Controversy (a.d. 726–a.d. 843); Birth of Islam (a.d. 610) and Muslim Conquests (a.d. 632–a.d. 732) |
Middle Ages (500–1400) |Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic | St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto | Viking Raids (793–1066); Battle of Hastings (1066); Crusades I–IV(1095–1204); Black Death (1347–1351); Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) |
Early and High Renaissance (1400–1550) | Rebirth of classical culture | Ghiberti's Doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli,Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael | Gutenberg invents movable type (1447); Turks conquer Constantinople (1453); Columbus lands in New World (1492); Martin Luther starts Reformation (1517) |
Venetian andNorthern Renaissance (1430–1550) | The Renaissance spreads north- ward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany, and England | Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan van Eyck,Rogier van der Weyden | Council of Trent and Counter-Reformation (1545–1563); Copernicus proves the Earth revolves around the Sun (1543 |
Mannerism (1527–1580) | Art that breaks the rules; artificeover nature | Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini | Magellan circumnavigates the globe (1520–1522) |
Baroque (1600–1750) | Splendor and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the religiouswars | Reubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Palace of Versailles | Thirty Years' War between Catholics and Protestants (1618–1648) |
Neoclassical (1750–1850) | Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace andgrandeur | David, Ingres, Greuze, Canova | Enlightenment (18th century); Industrial Revolution (1760–1850) |
Romanticism (1780–1850) | The triumph of imagination and individuality | Caspar...