Electrónica

AM
FL
Y
TE
Team-Fly®

Teach Yourself
Electricity and
Electronics

This page intentionally left blank

Teach Yourself
Electricity and
Electronics
Third Edition

Stan Gibilisco

McGraw-Hill
New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid
Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul
Singapore Sydney Toronto

Copy
the United Sta es of Am
of this publicat on m
or ret ival sy

 20 , 19 7, 19 3 by

right

The McGraw-Hil Com

p anies, Inc. Al rights res v d. Manuf ct red in

erica. Except as perm
a y be rep oduc or distr bu e in
, withou the prio writ en perm

stem

it ed under the United Sta es Copy

right Act of 1976, no part
any

form

or by

any

m eans, or stored in a dat b se

is on of the publisher.

0- 7 1389
The m

Altradem
oc ur en of a tradem
tradem
this bo k, they

a terial in this eBo k also ap e rs in

the print version of this ti le: 0- 7 13 .

arks are tradem

arks of their resp ctiv owne
arked nam

es in an
e nt of

ark owner, with no inte o of infr gem

ark sy

m bol after ev ry

, and to the ben fit of the
ark. Wher such designat o ap e r in

have be n printed with in t alcaps.

McGraw-Hil eBo ks are av il b e at special quanti y
or for use in corp ate train g prog am
Sales, at geor _h a @m
TERMS OF USE
This is a copy
righted work and The McGraw-Hil Co
res v al rights in and to the work. Use of this
the Copy
right Act of 1976 and the right to store and re
disa em
ble, rev s engi r, rep oduc , m
dis em
inate, sel , publish or sublicen the work or an
m ay use the work for y
prohib ted. Your right to use the work m
THE WORK IS PROVIDE "AS IS." McGRAW-HIL AND ITS LICENSOR MAKE NO
GUAR NTE S OR WAR NTIES AS TO THE AC UR Y, ADEQU CY OR COMPLET N S
OF OR RESULT TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUD G ANY
INFORMAT THA CAN BE ACESD THROUG THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR
OTHERWIS , AND EXPR S LY DISCLA M ANY WAR NTY, EXPR S OR IMPL ED,
INCLUD GBUT NOT LIM TED TO IMPL ED WAR NTIES OF MERCHANT BIL Y OR
FITNES FOR A PARTICUL PUR OSE. McGraw-Hil
tha the functio s contai ed in the work wil m
uni ter p d or er o fre . Neith r McGraw-Hil nor its
any
inac ur y
, er o or om
McGraw-Hil has no respon ib l ty
cir um
stance shal McGraw-Hil and/or its licensor
punit ve, consequ tial or sim
any
of them
has be n advise of the pos ib l tyany
claim
or cause whatsoev r whet
DOI: 10. 36/ 7 89

e , we use nam

rs. Rather than put a tradem
editor al fashion only
the tradem

discount to use as prem
s. For m
cgra

w-hil .com

o re

inform

ium

s and sale prom

oti ns,

ation, pleas conta Georg Hoare, Special

or (21 ) 904- 6 .

m p anies, Inc. ("McGraw-Hil ) and its licensor
work is subject to thes termodify
our own no c m

, creat

m e rcial and pers
a y be term

inated if y

et

y our requi m

is on, rega dl s of cause,
for the conte of
ilar dam

a ges tha result fro
of su
her such claim

s. Except as perm
triev one copy
e derivat works based upon, transm
y part of it withou McGraw-Hil s prio conse t. You
onal use; any

it ed under

of the work, y

ou m

a y notdecom

p ile,

it, distr bu e,
other use of the work is stric ly
ou fail to com

p ly

with thes term

s.

and its licensor do not war nt or guar nte
e nts or tha its operati n wil be

licensor shal be liab e to y
in the work or for any
dam
any
inform
ation ac es d throug the work. Under no
be liab e for any
ind rect, inc de tal, special,
m the use of or inab l ty
chdam
a ges. This lim
ita on of liab ty
or cause arise in contra , tor or otherwis .

ou or any

one els for

a ges resulting ther f om

to

.

use the work, ev n if
shal ap ly

to

To Tony, Tim, and Samuel
from Uncle Stan

v

This page intentionally left blank

Contents
Preface
Part 1

xix

Direct current

1 Basic physical concepts

3

Atoms 3
Protons,...