Energia

What are the different forms of energy?
Energy has a number of different forms, all of which measure the ability of an object or system to do work on another object or system.
In other words, there are different ways that an object or a system can possess energy
Kinetic Energy:
Consider a baseball flying through the air. The ball is said to have "kinetic energy" by virtue of the fact thatits in motion relative to the ground. You can see that it is has energy because it can do "work" on an object on the ground if it collides with it (either by pushing on it and/or damaging it during the collision).
The formula for Kinetic energy, and for some of the other forms of energy described in this section will, is given in a later section of this primer.

Potential Energy:
Consider abook sitting on a table. The book is said to have "potential energy" because if it is nudged off, gravity will accelerate the book, giving the book kinetic energy. Because the Earth's gravity is necessary to create this kinetic energy, and because this gravity depends on the Earth being present, we say that the "Earth-book system" is what really possesses this potential energy, and that this energyis converted into kinetic energy as the book falls.

Thermal, or heat energy:
Consider a hot cup of coffee. The coffee is said to possess "thermal energy", or "heat energy" which is really the collective, microscopic, kinetic and potential energy of the molecules in the coffee (the molecules have kinetic energy because they are moving and vibrating, and they have potential energy due theirmutual attraction for one another - much the same way that the book and the Earth have potential energy because they attract each other).
Chemical Energy:
Consider the ability of your body to do work. The glucose (blood sugar) in your body is said to have "chemical energy" because the glucose releases energy when chemically reacted (combusted) with oxygen
Electrical Energy
All matter is made upof atoms, and atoms are made up of smaller particles, called protons (which have positive charge), neutrons (which have neutral charge)
Electrochemical Energy:
Consider the energy stored in a battery. Like the example above involving blood sugar, the battery also stores energy in a chemical way. But electricity is also involved, so we say that the battery stores energy "electro-chemically".Another electron chemical device is a "fuel-cell".
Electromagnetic Energy (light):
Consider the energy transmitted to the Earth from the Sun by light (or by any source of light). Light, which is also called "electro-magnetic radiation". Why the fancy term? Because light really can be thought of as oscillating, coupled electric and magnetic fields that travel freely through space (without therehaving to be charged particles of some kind around).
Sound Energy:
Sound waves are compression waves associated with the potential and kinetic energy of air molecules. When an object moves quickly, for example the head of drum, it compresses the air nearby, giving that air potential energy.
Nuclear Energy:
The Sun, nuclear reactors, and the interior of the Earth, all have "nuclear reactions" asthe source of their energy, that is, reactions that involve changes in the structure of the nuclei of atoms. In the Sun, hydrogen nuclei fuse (combine) together to make helium nuclei, in a process called fusion, which releases energy.

Planet Earth: Earth, our home planet, is the only planet in our solar system known to harbor life. All of the things we need to survive are provided under a thinlayer of atmosphere that separates us from the uninhabitable void of space. Earth is made up of complex, interactive systems that are often unpredictable. Air, water, land, and life—including humans—combine forces to create a constantly changing world that we are striving to understand.
Viewing Earth from the unique perspective of space provides the opportunity to see Earth as a whole....