Estudio Estadistico Del Acoso De Niños

Effects of Bullying among Children and Adults
Jose Vargas
PSY325
Prof. Mar Navarro
Submitted 5/7/2012

Currently, bullying is a large problem in schools which causes significant stresses to its victims (Voss & Mulligan, 2000). Bullying became a greater concern for school personnel, parents & research after a series of school shootings in the late 1990s, including Columbine (Seals& Young, 2003). The effects of bullying are seen over a long period of time in the lives of participants and can lead to antisocial behavior amongst both perpetrators and victims of bullying (Voss & Mulligan, 2000; Seals & Young, 2003.) This paper intends to conduct an overview on the effects that bullying has on its victims, both adult and child and which group is more or less likely tobecome bullied. It is also important to examine how the effects of bullying differ by age, gender, ethnicity and other factors that lower social status which predispose people to bullying. This paper proposes that bullying impacts groups differently and thus the symptomatology that results will differ, with those who are socially disadvantaged experiencing the greatest impact of bullying on theirlives. Bullying should also show strong outcomes for negative social adjustment in its aftermath, including increased depression, stress, alcohol abuse and decreased self-esteem.
Bullying is defined as repeated aggressive behavior which is intended to harm or disturb a person in which the conflict is assymetrical and one group is more powerful than the other (Nansel et. al., 2001). Whilebullying is primarily thought of as being something that is done in school, it also commonly occurs in the workplace (Quine, 1999). The definition for adult bullying appears to be similar; both consist of persistent aggressive behavior that causes harm. However, in the work setting, bullying can occur between peers of equal work setting, such as when one co-worker takes credit for the work that anotherco-worker performed. Still, in the case of work punishments or being talked down to by one’s boss, bullying is often seen when there is a difference of power between two individuals.
Introduction
In this paper, we will be looking at five studies on bullying which will help give us more answers on how the effects of bullying vary across different groups. The first study by Seals & Young(2003) answers the most important basic questions of bullying: How often does it happen, who is most likely to be bullied, how bullying varies by gender and it’s relation to self-esteem and depression. This study is an exploratory study which seeks to gather statistics and find associations rather than answer a specific hypothesis. A second study that we will look at will be by Voss & Mulligan(2001), which adds an additional variable to the previous information by examining whether short height is a risk factor for being bullied. The study’s initial hypothesis, based on previous research that weaker students are more likely to be bullied, is that short height will lead to a greater likelihood of being bullied. The third study by Williams, Chambers , Logan & Robertson (1996) looks atthe health effects of being bullied, which adds to our previous information on the psychological effects of bullying. This is also an exploratory study which seeks to gather data and form an association without any research hypotheses. The fourth study which we will look at by Nancel et. al. (2001) adds additional data about prevalence rates and more information about psychosocial adjustmentproblems, such as alcohol use and loneliness. Our final study by Quine (1999) looks at the prevalence of bullying behavior and the resulting psychological and psychosocial stressors among adults in the workplace. As this is a commissioned study looking to obtain prevalence information and discover effects, no research hypothesis is taken by the authors. For the studies that have no hypothesis stated,...