Fisica Cuantica

Páginas: 10 (2418 palabras) Publicado: 13 de junio de 2012
Quantum Physics
Everybody has heard about this new science lately. Quantum Physics is one of the fundamental achievements of science, Quantum Theory is one of the mainstays of current physics, much more significant and direct, that pick up a set of new ideas based from practical point of view, the Theory of Relativity. Its implementation framework is limited almostexclusively at the levels of atomic, subatomic and nuclear but it is present in other areas such as electronics or in the design of medical equipment.
Newton always believed that light consisted of tiny particles that collide and bounce like balls. He later found its wave nature and when his idea was discarded many years another scientific, Max Planck, came and discovered the quantum of energy that gaveback part of the reason of Newton.
The actual scientific context comes with realism and fundaments based on the universality and consistency of old theories. The biggest problem we have to deal with when talking about Quantum Physics comes from our unconscious assumption that things will behave the same way they do in the quantum world as they do in the normal world of our experience.
I.History of Quantum Physics.
To understand its basic concepts first we have to know: what is quantum physics, also named, quantum mechanics. “Mechanics is the ancient term for the science of movement, so that quantum mechanics is the branch of science dedicated to describing the movement of things in the subatomic world, it is the study of the behavior of matter and energy at the molecular, atomic,nuclear, and even smaller microscopic levels. In the early 20th century, it was discovered that the laws that govern macroscopic objects do not function the same in such small realms.” (www.physicsabout.com)
What “Quantum” means comes from the Latin meaning “how much” and it refers to the discrete units of matter and energy that are predicted by and observed in quantum physics. Even space and time,which can be appeared as extremely continuous, have the smallest possible values. Columbia University physicist Brian Greene writes on the first page of his hugely successful book The Elegant Universe that quantum mechanics “provides a theoretical framework for understanding the universe on the smallest of scales.”
As the scientist gained the technology to measure with greater and betterprecision, a stange phenomenom was observed. The birth of quantum mechanics is attributed to Max Planck’s paper on the blackbody radiation. This development of the field was done by him and by Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Werner Heisenberg, Erwin Schroedinger and many others. It is ironic that Albert Einstein had serious theorical issues with the quantum mechanics so he tried for many years to disproveor modify it.
What is special about quantum physics is that in this area observing something actually influences the physical process that is taking place.
Light waves act like particles and particles act like waves (called wave particle duality). Matter can go from one spot to another without moving through the intervening space (called quantum tunnelling). Information moves instantly acrossvast distances. In fact, with quantum mechanics, we can say the whole universe is actually a series of probability. There is no reason to expect that when we see very small objects or objects very fast, they behave the same way as do the objects with which we are familiar.
As most of the theories and scientific discoveries, this is a story that begins with some different findings. in 1838 beginswith the discovery by Michael Faraday of cathode rays, several discoveries of radiation by Gustav Kirchoff, some theories of Ludwig Boltzmann, 1877 relating to the physical system of energy states, and in 1900, Max Planck laid the foundation stone of the edifice of quantum theory in which postulated that the energy radiating atomic systems can be divided into several elements of energy.
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